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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phylogenies are used for what? |
1. Ancestral state reconstruction 2. Molecular clock estimates |
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Traits at deepest ancestral nodes on tree (oldest traits) |
Ancestral traits |
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Traits at the shallowest nodes or just extant species (Most recent species) |
Derived traits |
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Simplest explanation (Occam's Razor) |
Parsimony |
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Equation for Rate of Evolutionary Change |
Mutation rate = % divergence / time |
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Phylogenies can not tell us : |
Which extant species are primitive, simple, older, ancestral , less evolved |
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What are the key steps in the origin of life? |
1. Formation of nucleotides and amino acids 2. Nucleotides and amino acids become polymerized 3. Polymers become enclosed in membranes 4. Enclosed polymers develop cellular properties |
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Origin of Life order (time periods) |
13.7 BYA = Formation of universe 4.6 BYA = Formation of solar system 4.5 BYA = Formation of earth 4.0 BYA = Earth cools ; land and ocean forms 3.8 BYA = First known fossil life 0 BYA = Me |
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What is the "RNA World" hypothesis? |
- Earliest living cells were liposomes containing RNA - chemical selection - RNA can store info and catalyze reactions |
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What was the last universal common ancestor? |
LUCA ( around 3.8 BYA) |
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What the the 3 domains of life? |
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya |
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Human Evolution - We are African |
1. Closest ape relatives in Africa 2. DNA sequence demonstrates common ancestry Africa 3. Most fossil hominids from Africa (Ex: Ardi) |
