Bio 142 Chapter 18 Lecture

Front 1

Place in order from superficial to deep the three tunics of a typical blood vessel.

Back 1

Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

Front 2

Which blood vessel tunic is innervated by nerves from the sympathetic nervous system?

Back 2

Tunica media

Front 3

Which of the following arteries has the smallest diameter?

Back 3

Metarteriole

Front 4

What type of vessel is built to handle the highest pressure of any vessel in the cardiovascular system?

Back 4

Elastic artery

Front 5

The closure of a precapillary sphincter prevents blood flow to tissues from

Back 5

arterioles

Front 6

Veins have ___ walls than arteries.

Back 6

thinner

Front 7

Veins have thinner walls than

Back 7

arteries

Front 8

___ connect vessels through vascular anastomoses.

Back 8

Collaterals

Front 9

Collaterals connect vessels through vascular

Back 9

anastomoses

Front 10

Which vessels typically carry blood away from the heart?

Back 10

Arteries

Front 11

The outward force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels is

Back 11

blood pressure

Front 12

As peripheral resistance ___, blood pressure increases.

Back 12

increases

Front 13

As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure

Back 13

increases

Front 14

___ includes blood vessel length, blood viscosity, and vessel radius. It does not include blood type.

Back 14

Peripheral resistance

Front 15

What two factors determine the pressure gradient that drives circulation?

Back 15

Cardiac output and peripheral resistance

Front 16

Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure?

Back 16

Systemic arterioles

Front 17

Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure?

Back 17

Systemic arteries

Front 18

What two values are needed to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Back 18

Diastolic pressure and systolic pressure

Front 19

The average pressure in the systemic arteries during an entire cardiac cycle is known as

Back 19

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Front 20

What is the average value for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Back 20

95 mm Hg

Front 21

The vessel with the lowest blood pressure.

Back 21

Inferior vena cava

Front 22

Vessels with a ___ radius will have an increased resistance to blood flow.

Back 22

smaller

Front 23

Vessels with a smaller radius will have an increased ___ to blood flow.

Back 23

resistance

Front 24

Increase in vessel ___ will decrease peripheral resistance.

Back 24

radius

Front 25

Increase in vessel radius will decrease

Back 25

peripheral resistance

Front 26

Which circuit has the greatest peripheral resistance?

Back 26

Systemic circuit

Front 27

When arterial blood pressure is measured in the arm with a sphygmomanometer which vessel is used to measure pressure?

Back 27

Brachial artery

Front 28

By breathing deeply, what mechanism is being assisted to return venous blood to the heart?

Back 28

Respiratory pump

Front 29

The return of ___ to the heart is assisted by the respiratory pump, venous valves, and the skeletal muscle pump. It is not assisted by elastic fibers.

Back 29

venous blood

Front 30

The parasympathetic neurons in the medulla respond to increased blood pressure by inhibiting

Back 30

sympathetic activity

Front 31

Central chemoreceptors detect a decrease in pH in interstitial fluids in the brain. A feedback loop is then initiated that indirectly ___ sympathetic activity which results in vasoconstriction and a ___ in blood pressure.

Back 31

increases; rise

Front 32

What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure?

Back 32

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Front 33

Hypertension is defined as

Back 33

high blood pressure

Front 34

Treatment for hypertension includes limiting alcohol intake, increasing physical activity, and stopping smoking. It ___ include increasing intake of sugar.

Back 34

does not

Front 35

The Valsalva maneuver causes a drop in blood pressure which should be detected by

Back 35

baroreceptors

Front 36

Which organ system regulates blood volume by altering the amount of fluid released in the urine?

Back 36

Urinary system

Front 37

Which mechanism allows lipid-soluble substances to move through the membranes of endothelial cells of capillaries?

Back 37

Diffusion

Front 38

At the arteriolar end of the capillary, which pressure is the greatest?

Back 38

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Front 39

When hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary, water is pushed off the capillary by

Back 39

filtration

Front 40

When hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary, water is ___ the capillary by filtration.

Back 40

pushed off

Front 41

What is edema?

Back 41

Swelling

Front 42

Water crosses capillary beds from high to low hydrostatic pressure by

Back 42

filtration

Front 43

___ pressure pulls water into the capillary.

Back 43

Colloid osmotic

Front 44

Colloid osmotic pressure pulls water into the

Back 44

capillary

Front 45

List the systemic flow of most blood.

Back 45

Artery

Arteriole

Capillary bed

Venule

Vein

Front 46

Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body?

Back 46

Veins

Front 47

As blood vessels constrict, their radius decreases, causing blood flow to

Back 47

decrease

Front 48

Which nervous system promotes increased peripheral resistance and increased blood pressure through the vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles?

Back 48

Sympathetic nervous system

Front 49

Decreased blood oxygen concentration is a stimuli detected by

Back 49

chemoreceptors

Front 50

Which vessels increase peripheral resistance when they vasoconstrict in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Back 50

Systemic arterioles

Front 51

Which capillary would be least likely to allow substances to enter or exit the blood due to tight junctions that join the endothelial cells?

Back 51

Continuous capillaries

Front 52

Rising ___ pressure will cause the myogenic mechanism to slow blood flow into a capillary bed.

Back 52

arteriolar

Front 53

Rising arteriolar pressure will cause the myogenic mechanism to ___ blood flow into a capillary bed.

Back 53

slow

Front 54

What type of capillary has large pores within their endothelial cells and are the leakiest?

Back 54

Sinusoidal capillaries

Front 55

Blood pressure is equivalent to

Back 55

hydrostatic pressure

Front 56

___ pressure is created by the presence of large proteins in the blood, such as albumin.

Back 56

Colloid osmotic

Front 57

Colloid osmotic pressure is created by the presence of large proteins in the blood, such as

Back 57

albumin

Front 58

An increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient creates

Back 58

edema

Front 59

An increase in the ___ pressure gradient creates edema.

Back 59

capillary hydrostatic

Front 60

The process that drives water movement across a capillary when net filtration pressure is negative.

Back 60

Absorption

Front 61

-

Back 61

-

Front 62

If you increase cardiac contractility, you will increase cardiac output, decrease the ESV, and increase stroke volume. You will not increase

Back 62

preload

Front 63

Increasing cardiac contractility will not increase

Back 63

preload

Front 64

The tunica intima is labeled

Back 64

B

Front 65

Large vessels with all three tunics and a well-developed tunica media are called

Back 65

muscular arteries

Front 66

Compared to veins, arteries have a thicker

Back 66

tunica media

Front 67

An ___ is when an artery empties directly into a vein without passing through a capillary bed.

Back 67

anastomoses

Front 68

An anastomoses is when an artery empties directly into a vein without passing through a

Back 68

capillary bed

Front 69

Arteries contain multiple sheets of elastic fibers between thin layers of smooth muscles. If the fibers become faulty, the arteries would either be ___, or unable to stretch, or would be unable to recoil after stretching.

Back 69

noncompliant

Front 70

Arteries contain multiple sheets of elastic fibers between thin layers of smooth muscles. If the fibers become faulty, the arteries would either be noncompliant, or unable to stretch, or would be unable to ___ after stretching.

Back 70

recoil

Front 71

Arteries contain multiple sheets of elastic fibers between thin layers of ___. If the fibers become faulty, the arteries would either be noncompliant, or unable to stretch, or would be unable to recoil after stretching.

Back 71

smooth muscles