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180 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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append-
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to hang something
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appendicular
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Pertaining to the limbs.
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cardi-
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heart
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pericardium
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Membrane that surrounds the heart.
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cran-
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helmet
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cranial
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Pertaining to the portion of the skull that surrounds the brain.
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dors-
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back
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dorsal
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Position toward the back.
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homeo-
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same
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homeostasis
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Maintenance of a stable internal environment.
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-logy
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study of
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physiology
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Study of body functions.
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meta-
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change
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metabolism
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Chemical changes in the body.
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pariet-
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wall
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parietal membrane
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Membrane that lines the wall of a cavity.
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pelv-
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basin
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pelvic cavity
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Basin-shaped cavity enclosed by the pelvic bones.
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peri-
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around
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pericardial membrane
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Membrane that surrounds the heart.
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pleur-
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rib
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pleural membrane
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Membrane that encloses the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity.
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-stasis
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standing still
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-tomy
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cutting
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anatomy
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Study of structure, which often involves cutting or removing body parts.
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atoms
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Chemicals consist of microscopic particles.
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molecules
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Particle composed of two or more joined atoms.
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macromolecules
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Small molecules combined in complex ways.
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cell
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The structural and functional unit of an organism.
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organelle
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A structure in a cell that has a specialized function.
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tissue
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Group of similar cells that performs a specialized function.
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organ
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Structure consisting of a group of tissues with a specialized function.
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organ system
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Group of organs coordinated to carry on a specialized function.
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organism
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An individual living thing.
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metabolism
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The combined chemical reactions in cells that use or release energy.
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Movement
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Change in position of the body or of a body part; motion of an internal organ.
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Responsiveness
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Reaction to a change inside or outside the body.
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Growth
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Increase in body size without change in shape.
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Reproduction |
Production of new organisms and new cells.
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Respiration
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Obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and releasing energy from foods. (Some forms of life do not use oxygen in respiration.)
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Digestion
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Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used.
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Absorption
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Passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids.
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Circulation
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Movement of substances in body fluids.
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Assimilation
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Changing absorbed substances into chemically different forms.
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Excretion
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Removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions.
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Water
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The most abundant chemical in the body. (H20)
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Foods
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Substances that provide the body with necessary chemicals (nutrients) in addition to water.
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Oxygen
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A gas that makes up about one-fifth of ordinary air.
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Heat
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A form of energy.
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Pressure
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An application of force to something.
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internal environment
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Conditions and elements that make up the inside of the body, surrounding the cells.
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homeostatic mechanisms
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When the body maintains homeostasis through a number of self-regulating control systems.
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receptor
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Specialized cell that provides information about the environment. Also, cell membrane protein that binds specific molecules, called ligands, thereby sending a signal inside the cell.
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set point
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Target value of a physiological condition maintained in the body by homeostasis.
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effector
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A muscle or gland that effects change in the body.
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negative feedback
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A mechanism that restores the level of a biochemical or other balance in the internal environment.
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axial
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Pertaining to the head, neck, and trunk.
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thoracic cavity
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Hollow space inside the chest containing the thoracic organs.
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abdominopelvic cavity
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Space between the diaphragm and the pelvic outlet that contains the abdominal and pelvic viscera.
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viscera
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Organs in a body cavity.
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diaphragm
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A sheetlike structure largely composed of skeletal muscle and connective tissue that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities; a contraceptive device inserted in the vagina.
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mediastinum
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Tissues and organs of the thoracic cavity that form a septum between the lungs.
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abdominal cavity
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Space between the diaphragm and the pelvic inlet that contains the abdominal viscera.
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pelvic cavity
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Hollow place within the ring formed by the sacrum and hip bones that encloses the terminal part of the large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs.
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Oral cavity
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Containing the teeth and tongue.
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nasal cavity
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Space in the nose.
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Orbital cavities
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Containing the eyes and associated skeletal muscles and nerves.
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Middle ear cavities
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Containing the middle ear bones
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visceral
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Refers to the membrane that is deeper—toward the interior—and covers an internal organ, such as a lung.
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pleural membrane
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Serous membrane that encloses the lungs and lines the chest wall.
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pericardial cavity
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The potential space between these membranes.
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integumentary system
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The skin and its accessory structures.
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skeletal muscle tissue
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Type of voluntary muscle tissue in muscles attached to bones.
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muscular system
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Include the muscles. |
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nervous system
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Consists of the brain, the spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs.
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endocrine system
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Includes all the glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones.
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target cells
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A particular hormone that affects only a particular group of cells.
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cardiovascular system
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Includes the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood.
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lymphatic system
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Composed of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and a fluid called lymph.
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digestive system
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Absorb nutrients and oxygen and excrete various wastes. The digestive system includes the mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine.
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respiratory system
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Move air in and out of the lungs and exchange gases between the blood and the air. The nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs are parts of this system.
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urinary system
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Consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
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reproductive systems
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Male and female work together to produce a new organism.
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reproduction
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The process of producing offspring (progeny).
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anatomical position
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Standing erect, face forward, with the upper limbs at the sides and the palms forward.
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superior
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A body part is above another part. (The thoracic cavity is superior to the abdominopelvic cavity.)
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inferior
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Situated below something else; pertaining to the lower surface of a part.
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anterior
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Pertaining to the front.
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posterior
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Toward the back; the opposite of.
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medial
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Toward or near the midline.
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lateral
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Pertaining to the side.
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Bilateral
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Paired structures, one of which is on each side. (The lungs are bilateral.)
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Ipsilateral
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Structures on the same side. (The right lung and the right kidney are ipsilateral.)
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Contralateral
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Structures on the opposite side. (A patient with a fractured bone in the right leg would have to bear weight on the contralateral—in this case, left—lower limb.)
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proximal
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Closer to the point of attachment; opposite of.
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distal
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Further from a point of attachment; opposite of.
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Superficial
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Situated near the surface. (The epidermis is the superficial layer of the skin.)
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Peripheral
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Outward or near the surface. It describes the location of certain blood vessels and nerves. (The nerves that branch from the brain and spinal cord are peripheral nerves.)
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Deep
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Parts that are more internal than superficial parts. (The dermis is the deep layer of the skin.)
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sagittal
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Plane or section that divides a structure into right and left portions.
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transverse
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Plane that divides a structure into superior and inferior portions.
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frontal
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Plane that divides a structure into anterior and posterior portions, pertaining to the forehead.
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epigastric region
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Upper middle part of the abdomen.
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right and left hypochondriac regions
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Lie on each side of the epigastric region.
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umbilical region
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Central portion of the abdomen.
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right and left lateral (lumbar) regions
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Lie on each side of the umbilical region.
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pubic (hypogastric) region
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The lower middle portion.
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right and left inguinal (iliac) regions
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Lie on each side of the hypogastric region.
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abdominal
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The region between the thorax and pelvis.
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acromial
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The point of the shoulder.
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antebrachial
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Pertaining to the forearm.
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antecubital
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Region anterior to the elbow joint.
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axillary
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Pertaining to the armpit.
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brachial
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Pertaining to the arm.
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buccal
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Pertaining to the mouth and inner lining of the cheeks.
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calcaneal
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The heel.
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carpal
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Wrist bone.
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celiac
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Pertaining to the abdomen.
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cephalic
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Pertaining to the head.
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cervical
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Pertaining to the neck.
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costal
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Pertaining to the ribs.
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coxal
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The hip.
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crural
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The leg.
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cubital
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Pertaining to the elbow.
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digital
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The finger or toe.
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dorsal
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Pertaining to the back surface of a body part.
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femoral
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The thigh.
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frontal
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Plane that divides a structure into anterior and posterior portions, pertaining to the forehead.
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genital
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The reproductive organs.
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gluteal
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Pertaining to the buttocks.
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inguinal
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Pertaining to the groin region.
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lumbar
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Pertaining to the region of the lower back.
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mammary
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Pertaining to the breast.
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mental
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The chin.
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nasal
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The nose.
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occipital
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Pertaining to the lower, back part of the head.
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oral
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The mouth. |
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orbital
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The bony socket of the eye.
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palmar
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The palm of the hand.
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patellar
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The front of the knee.
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pectoral
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The chest.
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pedal
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The foot.
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pelvic
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The pelvis.
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perineal
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The perineum—the pelvic floor and associated structures occupying the pelvic outlet.
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plantar
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The sole of the foot.
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popliteal
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The area behind the knee.
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sacral
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The posterior region between the hip bones.
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sternal
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The middle of the thorax, anteriorly.
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sural
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The calf of the leg.
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tarsal
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The ankle.
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umbilical
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The navel.
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vertebral
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The spinal column.
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cardiology
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Branch of medical science dealing with the heart and heart diseases.
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cytology
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Study of the structure, function, and abnormalities of cells. Cytology and histology are subdivisions of microscopic anatomy.
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dermatology
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Study of the skin and its diseases.
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endocrinology
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Study of hormones, hormone-secreting glands, and their diseases.
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epidemiology
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Study of the factors determining the distribution and frequency of health-related conditions in a defined human population.
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gastroenterology
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Study of the stomach and intestines and their diseases.
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geriatrics
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Branch of medicine dealing with older individuals and their medical problems.
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gerontology
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Study of the aging process.
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gynecology
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Study of the female reproductive system and its diseases.
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hematology
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Study of the blood and blood diseases.
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histology
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Study of the structure and function of tissues. Histology and cytology are subdivisions of microscopic anatomy.
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immunology
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Study of the body’s resistance to infectious disease.
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neonatology
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Study of newborns and the treatment of their disorders.
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nephrology
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Study of the structure, function, and diseases of the kidneys.
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neurology
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Study of the nervous system and its disorders.
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obstetrics
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Branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy and childbirth.
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oncology
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Study of cancers.
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ophthalmology
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Study of the eye and eye diseases.
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orthopedics
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Branch of medicine dealing with the muscular and skeletal systems and their problems.
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otolaryngology
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Study of the ear, throat, and larynx, and their diseases.
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pathology
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Study of structural and functional changes that disease causes.
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pediatrics
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Branch of medicine dealing with children and their diseases.
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pharmacology
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Study of drugs and their uses in the treatment of disease.
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podiatry
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Study of the care and treatment of feet.
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psychiatry
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Branch of medicine dealing with the mind and its disorders.
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radiology
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Study of X rays and radioactive substances and their uses in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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toxicology
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Study of poisonous substances and their effects upon body parts.
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urology
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Branch of medicine dealing with the urinary system, apart from the kidneys (nephrology) and the male reproductive system, and their diseases.
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