Bio 130 Test 3

Front 1

Ovarian Cycle

Back 1

Associated with the maturation and release of an oocyte

Front 2

Uterine Cycle

Back 2

describes the regular, recurring changes in the uterine lining that conclude with bleeding

Front 3

Average reproductive cycle

Back 3

28 days

Front 4

Day 1

Back 4

Bleeding Begins, FSH, LH, estrogen at its lowest

Front 5

Day 2 or 3

Back 5

The hypothalamus produces and releases sufficient GnRH to stimulate pituitary gland to release FSH to initiate the new cycle

Front 6

Pre-Ovulatory Period: Day 6-Day 13

Back 6

Rising levels of FSH develop several primary follicles. Rising levels of estradiol exert positive feedback causing more production of GnRH which leads to more LH

Front 7

Post ovulatory Period: Day 15-28

Back 7

Rising levels of progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum exert negative feedback inhibiting GnRH.

Front 8

Menstruation

Back 8

from day 1 to day 5. sharp decline of estradiol and progesterone constrict the blood vessels that supply the endometrium which removes negative feedback

Front 9

Amenorrhea

Back 9

Absence of menstrual periods in post-pubescent women that aren't pregnant

Front 10

Primary Amenorrhea

Back 10

Failure to menstruate by age 18.
caused by chromosomal abnormalties or endocrine disorders

Front 11

Secondary Amenorrhea

Back 11

absence if menstrual periods for six months or more. May be caused by significant reduction in weight, pituatary ghlands or tumors that decrease FSH or LH

Front 12

Mittelschmerz

Back 12

pain in the abdomen at the time of ovulation

Front 13

PreMenstrual Syndrome

Back 13

Physiological, physical, and emotional symptoms that appear in a large number of women between 3 and 10 days prior to the start of menses

Front 14

PMS treatment

Back 14

low dose anti-depressants, calcium, aspirin or ibuprofen, changes in diet

Front 15

Dysmenorrhea

Back 15

pelvic pain and painful menstrual cramps during menstruation.

Front 16

Dysmenorrhea Treatment

Back 16

Ibuprofen or Aspirin

Front 17

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Back 17

Caused by Staph bacteria that invade the blood stream from the skin and produce deadly toxins

Front 18

Symptoms of TSS

Back 18

high fever, rash, peeling skin, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches, and dangerous drops in blood pressure

Front 19

Cause of Menopause

Back 19

between 40-55 woman produce declining amounts of estrogen and progesterone. As she grows older her ovaries become less and less responsive to FSH and LH.

Front 20

Effects of Menopause

Back 20

Changes in hormonal levels cause: dizziness headaches insomnia anxiety or depression

Front 21

Osteoporosis

Back 21

Progressive loss of bone mass due to demineralization of bone tissue. which causes easy bone fractures.

Front 22

Preventing Osteoporosis

Back 22

Calcium and vitamins especially D, reduce alcohol and Stop Smoking

Front 23

Hormone Replacement therapy

Back 23

main risk is increase breast, uterine and ovarian cancers

Front 24

Sexual Response Cycles

Back 24

Excitement,Plateau, Orgasm, Resolution

Front 25

Excitement (male)

Back 25

Sexual Desire is controlled by the limbic system.

Front 26

Plateau (male)

Back 26

Sex Flush occurs, testes are drawn closer to the body and become larger, bulbourethral gland secretes mucus, emission of ejaculate, muscle tension

Front 27

Orgasm (male)

Back 27

release of muscle tension usually accompanied by discharge of semen. nerve signals to the prostate cause them to release fluid to the urethra

Front 28

Resolution (male)

Back 28

Starts immediately after orgasm, blood flow to penis is reduced

Front 29

Excitement (female)

Back 29

Limbic System, increased blood flow to vagina, vaginal sweating, mucus. Labia increases in size, clitoris becomes erect, nipples become erect

Front 30

Plateau (female)

Back 30

Sex Flush, uterus vertical

Front 31

Cleavage

Back 31

30-36 hours post implantation, the zygote divides by mitosis to form blastomeres. cell division occurs the next 72 hours and produce a solid ball of cells called a morula. at day 4-5 blastomeres produce a hollow ball of cells called blastocysts.

Front 32

Cleavage: caviation

Back 32

produces a fluid filled cavity called blastocoels

Front 33

Cleavage: compaction

Back 33

creates an outer layer of small cells called a trophoblast

Front 34

Embryoblast

Back 34

larger cells inside the trophoblast form an inner cell mass that eventually becomes the embryo

Front 35

Implantation

Back 35

Between day 6-8 fertilization the blastocyst makes contact with the wall of the uterus.

Front 36

Once made contact with uterine wall, forms...

Back 36

cytotrophoblast inner layer
Synctiotropblast outer layer

Front 37

Ectopic Pregnancy

Back 37

The blastocyst implants outside the uterus in 1/300 pregnancies.

Front 38

Embryogenesis

Back 38

9 days after fertilization, the embryoblast slightly separates from the trophoblast creating an amniotic cavity

Front 39

Embryonic disc

Back 39

when the embryoblasts flatten

Front 40

12 days post fert. the embryonic disc elongats and..

Back 40

a thick primitive streak forms along the midline containing the primitive groove

Front 41

Primary germ layers are formed durign

Back 41

Gastrulation

Front 42

Gastrulation: Endoderm

Back 42

Linings and glands of digestive tract, respiratory system,

Front 43

Gastrualtion: Mesoderm

Back 43

Muscle. bone, cartilage, blood

Front 44

Gastrualtion: Ectoderm

Back 44

skin, hair, nails, much of nervous system

Front 45

Amnion

Back 45

develops from the ectoderm and mesoderm and completely surrounds the embryo. produces amniotic fluid.

Front 46

Yolk Sac

Back 46

Develops from embryonic disc form a pouch that hangs below the embryo. produces first blood cells

Front 47

Allantois

Back 47

develops from the endoderm that forms a small pouch a the end of the yolk. forms foundation for umbilical cord

Front 48

Chorion

Back 48

develops from mesoderm that was produced from trophoblasts. Forms finger like projections chronic villi

Front 49

Placentation

Back 49

Placenta begins to form during the second week following fertilization. As chronic Villi grow they develop many new blood cells an become surrounded by spaces that will fill with maternal blood.

Front 50

Sexually indifferent stage

Back 50

the first 6 weeks of development is sexually bipotential. has a pair of wolffian ducts and mullerian ducts

Front 51

Hox Genes

Back 51

control embryonic cell differentiation. changes in retonic acid will produce changes. may affect face and head.

Front 52

Medications that are bad

Back 52

Thalidomine, Bendectin, asprin, accutane marijuana cocaine alcohol

Front 53

Rubella Virus

Back 53

affects 15-20% of born to women with german measels. need vaccnation

Front 54

Amniocentesis

Back 54

amniotic fluid tested

Front 55

Chronic villus

Back 55

remove small amount of tissue with catheter

Front 56

Multiple serum tests

Back 56

High HCG/low MAFSP/ low estriol = down