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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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distinguish between protostome development and deuterstome development
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Protosome development is where the mouth of the gastrula is the first to form
Deuterstome is where the anus forms first |
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describe the types of cells present in the Poriferans and explain what each type does
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Epidermal cells – give support and produce the spicules
Collar cells – cause water to move through the sponge and capture and absorb food Amoebocyte – make the transfer of food from the collar cells to the rest of the cells |
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describe endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm
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Endoderm is the inside layer
Ectoderm is the outside layer Mesoderm is the middle layer that becomes the lining of the body cavity |
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describe the feeding process in poriferans
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The collar cells all move their flagella so that water begins to move through the body cavity of the sponge then as water moves through the collar cells capture and absorb the food, which is usually organic material floating in the water. Then the amoebocytes go through and get the nutrients from the collar cells and transfer it to the rest of the cells
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describe the basic characteristics of the Cnidarians including the cell type that is involved in capturing and subduing prey
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Some degree of specialization
Rudimentary tissues Muscle like cells Simple digestive system (incomplete) Cnidocytes are the stinging cells that produce the nematocytes which are the spear like structures covered in toxins Radial symmetry Acoelomate (no coelom) Capture food with their tentacles Medusa (mobile) and polyp (sessile) life stages Mesoglea which is the jelly like stuff between the ectoderm and the endoderm No segementation No cephalization |
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describe the difference between the polyp and medusa stages of cnidarians
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The polyp stage is sessile while the medusa stage is mobile and the polyp reproduces asexually to produce the medusa stage which creates gametes
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describe the characteristics of the Poriferans and Cnidarians with respect to the underlined objective above
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No Cephalization
Acoelomate Some degree of cell specialization Radial symmetry No segemntation |
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describe what is meant by diploblastic and triploblastic
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Diploblastic means they only have an endoderm and ectoderm
Triploblastic means they have an endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm |
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describe the basic characteristics of the Platyhelminthes including mention of the above underlined objective
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Acoelomate
Some specialized cells Reproductive organs Incomplete digestive system/ no digestive system Some degree of cephalization Contractile tissue for locomotion No circulatory system Reproduce sexually and asexually Bilaterally symmetric |
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distinguish among the three classes of Platyhelminthes and give basic characteristics
Turbellaria |
Turbellaria
Free living Predators Terrestrial, live in tropical areas and some are aquatic Cestoda Parasitic No digestive system Use different hosts, final hosts are usually mammals such as cats or dogs, intermediate host is the flea Trematoda Endo or ecto parasitic Simple digestive system They have two intermediate hosts larvae are in snails, encysted muscle tissue |
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be able to briefly describe the life cycle of a Cestode
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Well, fleas will get the cestode then they will get in a dog or cat. The animal will bite where it itches so it ingests the flea then the cestode is in the animal. It then starts to reproduce and the eggs or babies or whatever are on the ground and as a flea strolls by they latch on.
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describe the basic characteristics of the Mollusca including mention of the above underlined
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Specialized body plan based on a muscular foot
A visceral mass that contains the organs Mantle that secretes calcium carbonate |
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-distinguish among the three classes of Mollusca and give basic characteristics
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Bivalvia
Clams, mussels, oysters Two hinged shell They have abductor muscles that close the shell Elastic ligament that helps open the shell Suspension feeders Limited locomotion with muscular foot or propulsion Sexual reproduction Pseudobranch which are false gills Gastropoda Snails, slugs, nudibranches Single spiral shell, lost in some species of nudibranches Some have limpets which are shells that aren’t predators Detritvores or predators They have a Radula One species is the oyster drill Digestive divertiacolum serves as the lung (vascularized) Gills are vascularized Cephlapoda Squid octupuses and nautilus Muscular foot is near the head and divided many times to form the tentacles Shell is either highly reduced and internal or gone all together Most are predators and have beaks Highly intelligent predators |
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describe how the introduction of the zebra mussel has impacted north American freshwater systems and industry
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The Zebra mussel was somehow accidentally imported from India and now since they don’t have any natural predators here they are just reproducing like crazy. They cost industries a lot of money because they latch on the hard surfaces, such as boats and drains and intakes, well they have to hire people to go down there and scrape them off. That’s not cheap. Also, since they don’t have natural predators and they are reproducing so quickly they are muscleing out the natural species because they can’t keep up with them.
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-explain how the muscular foot has been modified in cephalopods
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It is near the head and divided into many parts, the tentacles.
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describe the function of the radula in gastropods
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It is a hardened protein ridge near the mouth used to scrape, drill, or immobilize prey
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explain how the nematodes can function without a circulatory system or a respiratory system
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Because their skin absorbs it
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describe hydrostatic skeleton
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Water is not compressible so they can use it to move. When they press against it it dosen’t compress and so that moves them forward.
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describe what is meant by the term “molt”
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Where they outgrow their exoskeleton and have to form a new one.
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-describe the stages in the insect life cycle
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Egg – larvae – pupae - adult
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define metamorphosis
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Where the larvae changes into the adult. Usually they wrap themselves in a protective coating
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-describe the tracheal system used by insects for respiration
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There are tubes that are connected to outside environment that are on the abdomen. They get smaller and smaller as they go into the abdomen and they bring in oxygen
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