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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does DNA stand for? |
Deoxyribonucleic acid. |
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What are genes? |
Genes are specific stretches of DNA or RNA that encode instructions for producing molecules of RNA or building proteins. |
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What is a polymer? |
A large molecule made by repeating a smaller unit |
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What are the individual units that make up the structure of DNA? |
Nucleotides (Together, they are called polynucleotides) |
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What are the names of the 4 building blocks? |
1. Adenine 2. Thymine 3. Guanine 4. Cytosine |
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What is the structure of DNA called? |
A double helix |
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What does a double helix consist of? |
2 antiparallel strands wrapped around each other. |
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What is the bond between each base pair? |
They are hydrogen bonds. |
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What is the width of the helix? |
2.0 nm |
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What is the distance of the bases stacked on top of one another? |
0.34 nm |
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What is the length of one complete turn of the double helix? |
3.4 nm or 10 bases |
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What does antiparallel mean? |
It means they run parallel to one another but in opposite directions. (5'3 and 3'5) |
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How many polynucleotides does one molecule of DNA have? |
2 |
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What is the "backbone" of DNA made of? |
Sugar ( OH : deoxyribose) and phosphate |
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5' -> 3' will start with what and end with what? |
Start with a phosphate and end with OH (deoxyribose sugar) |
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What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? |
- 5-carbon sugar - Negatively charged phosphate -Base made of 1 or 2 rings of nitrogen and carbon |
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Adenine and Guanine are called what together? |
Purine (Green apples are pure) |
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Thymine and Cytosine are called what together? |
Pyrimidine |
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How many hydrogen bond do Adenine and Thymine have? |
2 |
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How many hydrogen bonds to Guanine and Cytosine have? |
3 |
