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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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parasites of VERTEBRATES and some invertebrates |
ENTAMOEBA |
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third leading cause of human death due to parasites |
amoebic dysentery |
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causes AMOEBIC DYSENTERY |
/Entamoeba histolytica/ |
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commensal in the mouth |
/Entamoeba gingivalis/ |
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includes the group of choanoflagellates |
opisthokonts |
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a population outlives its members through this |
REPRODUCTION |
generation of new, young individuals from existing ones |
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majority of animals reproduce... |
sexually |
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habitat of TUBULINIDS |
in soil, freshwater and marine environment |
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mode of NUTRITION of TUBULINIDS |
heterotrophic and consumes bacteria and other protists. |
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formation of offspring without egg sperm fussion |
asexual rep |
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separation of parent into two+ indivs of ~same size |
fission |
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sample of organism undergoing longitudinal fission |
Anthopleura elegantissima |
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simple form of asexual rep among inv. Define |
budding. New arise from outgrowths |
Hydra |
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mode of rep in unfavorable conditions of sponges |
gemmulation |
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breaking of body into pieces. Also accompanied by ______. |
Fragmentation-Regeneration |
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development of new indiv from unfertilized egg |
PARTHENOGENESIS |
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parthenogenesis is mainly observed in |
Cladocera and Rotifera |
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sexual eggs of DAPHNIA |
ephippia |
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scientific name |
Brachionus |
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name mode of rep |
Philodina |
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parthenogenesis in vertebrates? t/f? |
Rarely in Varanus komodoensis |
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scientific name, mode of rep |
Aspidoscelis uniparens. Pseudocopulation |
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twofold cost of sexual rep |
s - half as many daughters as asexual females |
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pros of sexual rep |
^ reproductive success ^ genetic variation ^ rate of adaption shuffling of genes: elims of harmful genes |
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oviparous |
just released |
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ovoviviparous |
developes inside, hatch live |
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viviparous |
nourished directly in maternal tissues |
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release of mature eggs at the midpoint of a female cycle |
Ovulation |
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where females store sperm temporarily |
spermatheca |
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always rqd for external fertilization |
moist habitat |
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indivs cluster to release gametes |
spawning |
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2 variations of hermaphroditism |
simultaneous sequential |
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organisms that undergoes simultaneous hermaphroditism |
Clonorchis sinensis Annelida oligochaeta |
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protandry |
m f |
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protogyny |
f m |
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cryptochordism |
no "balls" infertile |
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nurse cells |
sertoli |
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leydig |
interstitial produces androgens |
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microtubjes release |
tubulins |
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human rep is coordinated by hormones from the |
hypothalamus anterior pituitary gonads |
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semen |
sperm plus secretions from other accessory sex glands |
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seminal vesicle |
contribute to allow 60% of semen |
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prosate gland |
secreres prods directly to urethra |
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bulbourethral glands |
secrete clear mucus before ejaculation that neutralizes acidic urine |
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glans is surrounded by this |
prepuce |
foreskin |
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steroids |
carbon skeleton eith 4 fused rings |
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brooding sea anemone |
Epiacthis lisbethae |
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problem of sperms in the sea |
dispersing effect of ocean limited swimming range of sperms presence of gametes from other species |
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solutions to problems of spern in ocean |
release a large number of sperm chemotactic factora that are soecies specific oocyte - receptoe sites that bind with sperm head |
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fertilization: sperm contact with egg |
1. Sperm touches egg. Triggers exocytosis of sperm acrosome 2. Hydrolytic enzymes from acrosome creates a hole unto the egg. Acrosomal process then forms from the sperm head penetrating the surface. The proteins on the acrosomal process bind with receptors in egg plasma 3. fast block 4. Cortical rxn: slow block - formation of fert envelope |
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sperm capacitation |
secretions from mammalian f rep tract to alter sperm motility and structure |
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difference of fert in mammals and sea u |
no fast block 12-36 hrs for first cell div diploid forms after this |
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key factor in influencing pattern of cleavage |
yolk (what is it, hint) |
stored nutrients |
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complete divs of zygote |
holoblastic cleavage |
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incomplete division of zygote that occurs in monotremes, fish and reptiles |
meroblastic cleavage |
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extraembryonic membranes and fnx |
chorion gas xchange amnion encoses amniotic fluid yolk sac encloses yolk allantois disposes waste products contribs to gas exchange |
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process where unicellular org engulfs another cell |
endosymbiosis |
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lack plastids but have highly modified mitochondria |
diplomonads and parabasalids |
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has mitosomes |
diplomonads |
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example of diplomonad? |
Giardia intestinalis |
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has hydrogenosmes as their reduced mitochondria |
Parabasalids |
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example of parabasalid |
trichomonas vaginalis |
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main distinguishing factore of eugelnozia |
spiral or crystalline rod |
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have a single mitochondrion with an orgnized mass of dna |
kinetoplastids |
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organized mass of DNA |
kinetoplast |
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causes sleeping sickness in humans |
Trypanosoma brucei |
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non parasitic kinetoplastids |
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causes harmful algal blooms |
pfiesteria shumwayae |
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dinoflagellate species in the ph |
Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum |
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a dinoflagellate that lights up the sea |
Noctiluca scintillans |
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