Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Functions of Endocrine Gland
|
Secrets hormones WITHOUT ducts directly into the interstitial flui, where they diffuse into blood stream
Hormone - Insulin |
|
|
Hormone
|
Chemical messenger secreted to control a metabolic process
|
|
|
Insulin
|
Secreted by Pancreas of the Endocrine Gland, Controls Blood Sugar
|
|
|
Exocrine Gland
|
Secrets WITH ducts
Hormones - Steroid, Polypeptide |
|
|
Polypeptides
|
Cannot penetrate cell membrane
Have receptors on cell membrane |
|
|
Steroids
|
Fat soluble, and can penetrate cell membrane
All have cytoplasmic receptors |
|
|
Signal Transduction
|
Transfer of Signal from Outside to inside of cell.
|
|
|
Lock and Key fit
|
One hormone to One receptor
|
|
|
Receptor Protein
|
Will act on contact as First Messenger.
Will then trigger Enzymatic Protein to release second messenger. |
|
|
Second Messenger in Muscles
|
Calcium
|
|
|
G Protein
|
Switching proteins attached to Receptor protein
Switches things on and off |
|
|
GTP & GDP
|
When G proteins are attached to GTP, other enzymes are Activated
When attached to GDP, other enzymes are Deactivated |
|
|
Adenylyl Cyclase
|
An enzyme that converts ATP to CAMP or Cyclic Adenosine mono-phosphate
|
|
|
Cyclic AMP
|
Frequently acts as a second messenger.
ATP change by Adenylyl to CAMP is used in smooth muscles to open Calcium Gates. |
|
|
How are signals amplified
|
The Receptor protein sends G protein to many enzymes. so One receptor can activate many of them.
|
|
|
Second messenger for Hormone Receptor
|
Calcium
|
|
|
Where is Calcium as Second messenger for Polypepide Hormones Found? (3)
|
Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal Glands
|
|
|
Functions of Polypeptide Hormones (2)
|
Maintain homeostasis
Transcription - Production of New Proteins |
|
|
Insect Chromosomes
|
Genes are represented by Bands, if genes are undergoing Transcription, the Band puffs out
|
|
|
Respiratory Medium
|
Source of Oxygen
Air for land animals Water for water animals |
|
|
Respiratory Surface
|
Part of animal's body where gases are exchanged
|
|
|
Gills
|
Outfoldings of the body surface suspended in water
|
|
|
Counter Current Exchange
|
Blood Flows the opposite way of water, makes fish breathing more efficient
|
|
|
Tracheal System
|
Breathing Systems
|
|
|
Larynx
|
Voice Box
Upper part of respitory track |
|
|
Trachea
|
Windpipe
|
|
|
Bronchi
|
Tube that connects trachea to each Lung
|
|
|
Bronchioles
|
Branched Bronchi
|
|
|
Alveoli
|
Dead end cluster of air sac, where gas exchange occurs
|
|
|
Positive Pressure Breathing
|
Amphibians use this
It is the pushing of air into the lungs |
|
|
Negative Pressure Breathing
|
Mammals use this
Sucks air into the Lungs |
|
|
Diaphragm
|
Sheet of Skeletal Muscle forms bottom wall of chest cavity
|
|
|
Tidal Volume
|
How much air a mammal an inhale or exhale
Average 500 mL in humans |
|
|
Vital Capacity
|
Maximum tidal volume during forced breathing
3.4L for Female 4.8L for Male |
|
|
Residual Volume
|
The air that remains in your lungs even when fully exhaling
|
|
|
Parabronchi
|
Sites of gas exchange in Bird Lungs
|
|
|
Location of Breathing Control Centers (2)
|
Medulla Oblongate and Pons
|
|
|
Partial Pressure effects _____
|
___ Effects the diffusion of gas
|
|
|
Respiratory Pigements
|
Proteins that help to trasport O2
|
|
|
Hemocyanin
|
Respiratory pigments in arthropods and molluscs
|
|
|
Bohr Shift
|
The drop of pH lowers the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
|
|
|
ADH, Produced by, Function
|
Anti Diuretic Hormone
Produced by neurons Increases amount of water reabsorbed by kidney |
|
|
Pars Nervosa
|
Neurons in Posterior Pituitary
|
|
|
What is Type I and Type II diabetes? What is difference of each?
|
I - Mellitus - too much sugar
II - Insipidus - Lack of ADH |
