Bio-112-50 - Kingdom Fungi

Front 1

Mycology

Back 1

The study of fungi

Front 2

Thallus

Back 2

Non-vascular plant body

Front 3

Hypha

Back 3

Single filament of a fungi

Front 4

Hyphae

Back 4

Individual filaments of the fungus itself

Front 5

Chitin

Back 5

The main chemical component found in the cell walls of fungi

Front 6

Exoskeleton of Arthropods

Back 6

In addition to the cell walls of fungi, chitin is also found here

Front 7

Fibrous

Back 7

Like cellulose, chitin is this

Front 8

Septate Hyphae

Back 8

Hyphae that have cross-walls that divide the hypha into cell-like units

Front 9

Septa

Back 9

Cross-walls that divide septate hyphae

Front 10

Septate Hyphae

Back 10

These types of hyphae will be either monokaryotic or dikaryotic

Front 11

Aseptate

Back 11

Hyphae without cross-walls

Front 12

Coenocytic

Back 12

Another term for hyphae without cross-walls

Front 13

Aseptate Hyphae

Back 13

These hyphae are referred to as multi-nucleated because they have multiple nuclei in the filaments themselves

Front 14

Mycelium

Back 14

Mass of hyphae

Front 15

Nuclear Mitosis

Back 15

The mitotic process occurs completely within the nuclear structure

Front 16

Nuclear Mitosis

Back 16

Some fungi experience this type of mitosis

Front 17

Haploid

Back 17

Many of the fungi that experience nuclear mitosis are this

Front 18

Monokaryotic

Back 18

Hyphae with one nuclei per cell

Front 19

Dikaryotic

Back 19

Hyphae with two nuclei per cell

Front 20

n+n

Back 20

Chromosome designation for dikaryotic cells

Front 21

Haploid

Back 21

Monokaryotic nuclei usually have this chromosome designation

Front 22

Homokaryotic

Back 22

Hyphae in which all of the nuclei in that hyphae are genetically identical

Front 23

Heterokaryotic

Back 23

Hyphae in which the nuclei are genetically different

Front 24

Yeast

Back 24

All fungi are multicellular except for this

Front 25

Chemoheterotrophic

Back 25

Fungi exhibit this type of metabolism

Front 26

Non-Motile

Back 26

This characteristic of fungi is what distinguishes them from animals

Front 27

Mitosis

Back 27

Asexual spores in fungi are produced mainly through this

Front 28

Syngamy and Meiosis

Back 28

Sexual spores in fungi are all formed as a result of this

Front 29

Syngamy

Back 29

The fusion of gametes

Front 30

Plasmogamy

Back 30

The fusion of the cytoplasm/protoplasm

Front 31

Karyogamy

Back 31

The fusion of nuclear contents

Front 32

Haplontic

Back 32

Fungi exhibit mainly this life cycle

Front 33

Sporangia

Back 33

Spore-case

Front 34

Asexual

Back 34

Sporangiospores in sporangia are an example of this type of fungi spore

Front 35

Asexual

Back 35

Conidiospores on conidia are an example of this type of fungi spore

Front 36

Mitosis

Back 36

Sporangiospores are produced by this

Front 37

Sporangiospores

Back 37

These are produced in the sporangia

Front 38

Sporangiophore

Back 38

Vertical hypha that produces sporangia at the end

Front 39

Conidium

Back 39

An entire chain of condiospores

Front 40

Naked

Back 40

Are conidiospores encased or naked?

Front 41

Conidiospores

Back 41

Each of the spores that makes up a conidium

Front 42

Mitosis

Back 42

Conidiospores are produced by this

Front 43

Conidiophore

Back 43

Vertical hyphae on which the conidium grows

Front 44

Sexual

Back 44

Zygospores are an example of this type of spore

Front 45

Sexual

Back 45

Ascospores in asci are an example of this type of spore

Front 46

Sexual

Back 46

Basidiospores on basidia are an example of this type of spore

Front 47

Type of Sexual Spore

Back 47

Fungi are classified primarily by this

Front 48

Zygospores

Back 48

These sexual spores are produced by zygomycota

Front 49

Zygosporangium

Back 49

This is synonymous with zygospore

Front 50

Zygospore

Back 50

This sexual spore is a zygote within a thick-walled structure

Front 51

Asci

Back 51

Sac-like structures in which ascospores are produced

Front 52

Ascospores

Back 52

Sexual spores produced by Ascomycota

Front 53

Ascomycota

Back 53

Ascospores are produced by this division/phylum of fungi

Front 54

Zygomycota

Back 54

Zygospores are produced by this division/phylum of fungi

Front 55

Asci

Back 55

These usually contain 8 ascospores

Front 56

8

Back 56

Asci usually contain this many ascospores

Front 57

Basidiomycota

Back 57

Basidiospores are produced by this division/phylum of fungi

Front 58

Basidiomycota

Back 58

These are sometimes called the "club" fungi

Front 59

4

Back 59

In Basidiomycota, this many basidiospores sit on top of a club-shaped structure

Front 60

Basidia

Back 60

Basidiospores sit on top of this

Front 61

Basidia

Back 61

This is a club-like structure on which basidiospores sit

Front 62

Enzymes

Back 62

These liquify the material fungi are growing on which allows for absorption by the hyphae

Front 63

Hyphae

Back 63

These produce extracellular enzymes used in the digestion process

Front 64

Extracellular

Back 64

Fungi experience this type of digestion

Front 65

Whatever They are Growing On

Back 65

Fungi live off of this

Front 66

Decomposers

Back 66

In the process of feeding on dead organic matter, theyse organisms are going to break things down into smaller and smaller particles so they can be recycled back into the soil

Front 67

Detritivores

Back 67

Organisms that feed of detritus

Front 68

Detritus

Back 68

Dead organic matter

Front 69

Saprophyte

Back 69

Plant-like organism that absorbs a liquid form a nutrient

Front 70

Fungi

Back 70

These are an important pathological agent of plant disease

Front 71

Pathology

Back 71

Words like “rot”, “smut”, “rust” are indicative of this (in fungi)

Front 72

Mycoses

Back 72

Fungal diseases of animals

Front 73

Dermatophyte

Back 73

These are animal fungi that are inside the skin

Front 74

Bioremediation

Back 74

Using living organisms to clean up the environment

Front 75

Genetically Engineered

Back 75

Bio-remediation often uses these types of microbes

Front 76

Mutualism

Back 76

Both organisms benefit from the symbiotic relationship

Front 77

Symbiosis

Back 77

Two organisms living in direct contact with one another

Front 78

Mutualistic Symbiosis

Back 78

Lichens are an example of this

Front 79

Mutualistic Symbiosis

Back 79

Mycorrhizae are an example of this

Front 80

Antibiotics

Back 80

This is an example of a medicinal use of fungi

Front 81

Fermentation

Back 81

This is an example of an industrial use of fungi

Front 82

Vegetative Structure

Back 82

What type of structure is an aseptate hyphae?

Front 83

Vegetative Structure

Back 83

What type of structure is a stolon?

Front 84

Vegetative Structure

Back 84

What type of structure is a rhizoid?

Front 85

Asexual Reproductive Structure

Back 85

What type of structure is a sporangiophore

Front 86

Asexual Reproductive Structure

Back 86

What type of structure is a sporangia?

Front 87

Asexual Reproductive Structure

Back 87

What type of structure is a sporangiospore?

Front 88

Sexual Reproductive Structure

Back 88

What type of structure is a gametangia?

Front 89

Sexual Reproductive Structure

Back 89

What type of structure is a suspensor?

Front 90

Sexual Reproductive Structure

Back 90

What type of structure is a zygospore?

Front 91

Aseptate Hyphae

Back 91

Phylum Zygomycota have this type of hyphae

Front 92

Phylum Zygomycota

Back 92

This phylum of fungi is commonly referred to as the "terrestrial molds"

Front 93

Phylum Zygomycota

Back 93

This phylum of fungi is commonly referred to as the "zygote molds"

Front 94

Rhizopus

Back 94

This is an example of Phylum Zygomycota

Front 95

Phylum Zygomycota

Back 95

This phylum of fungi has stolons

Front 96

Phylum Zygomycota

Back 96

This phylum of fungi has rhizoids

Front 97

Phylum Zygomycota

Back 97

This phylum of fungi asexually reproduces with sporangiophores, sporangia and sporangiospores

Front 98

Phylum Zygomycota

Back 98

This phylum's hyphae has very limited growth

Front 99

Stolons

Back 99

Horizontal, vegetative hyphae

Front 100

Surface

Back 100

Stolons run along this part of the food source

Front 101

Rhizoids

Back 101

Root-like, vegatative hyphae

Front 102

Rhizoids

Back 102

These help anchor the fungus to the food source

Front 103

Rhizoids

Back 103

These produce the extra-cellular enzymes

Front 104

Sporangiophore

Back 104

Arial or vertical hyphae

Front 105

Sporangium

Back 105

Spore-case

Front 106

Sporangiospores

Back 106

Spores produced by mitosis inside the sporangium

Front 107

Gametangia

Back 107

Gamete-producing structure

Front 108

Suspensors

Back 108

Remnants of the hyphae that suspend the zygospore up

Front 109

Resistant

Back 109

Zygospores are very _________

Front 110

Phylum Zygomycota

Back 110

This phylum of fungi sexually reproduces with gametangia, suspensors, and zygospores

Front 111

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 111

This phylum is referred to as the "sac" fungi

Front 112

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 112

This phylum of fungi has septate hyphae

Front 113

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 113

This phylum of fungi has extensive growth of hyphae/mycelium

Front 114

Extensive

Back 114

What kind of growth does the hyphae of Phylum Acomycota have?

Front 115

Septate Hyphae

Back 115

What type of hyphae does Phylum Ascomycota have?

Front 116

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 116

This phylum's asexual structures are Conidiophore, Conidia, and Conidiospores

Front 117

Conidiophore, Conidia, and Conidiospores

Back 117

These are the asexual structures of Phylum Ascomycota

Front 118

Conidiophore

Back 118

This is the reproductive hyphae of Phylum Ascomycota

Front 119

Conidiophores

Back 119

Conidia are produced on these

Front 120

Conidia

Back 120

This is the entire chain of conidiospores

Front 121

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 121

This phylum has conidiophores

Front 122

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 122

This phylum has conidia

Front 123

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 123

This phylum has conidiospores

Front 124

Conidiospores

Back 124

Each individual spore that makes up a conidia

Front 125

Ascogonia

Back 125

Female gametangium in Phylum Ascomycota fungi

Front 126

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 126

This phylum of fungi has ascogonia

Front 127

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 127

This phylum of fungi has antheridium

Front 128

Antheridia

Back 128

Male gametangium in Phylum Ascomycota fungi

Front 129

Nuclei; Antheridium; Ascogonium

Back 129

During asexual reproduction in Phylum Ascomycota fungi, the ______ from the ___________ will migrate into the __________

Front 130

Plasmogamy

Back 130

This happens immediately during asexual reproduction in Phylum Ascomycota fungi

Front 131

Ascogenous Hyphae

Back 131

Hyphae that grow from the ascogonium after plasmogamy has occurred but before karyogamy has occurred

Front 132

Secondary Hyphae

Back 132

Ascogenous Hyphae are also referred to as this

Front 133

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 133

This phylum of fungi has ascogenous hyphae

Front 134

n + n

Back 134

Ascogenous hyphae have this chromosome designation

Front 135

Ascocarps

Back 135

Ascogenous hyphae form these

Front 136

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 136

This phylum of fungi has ascocarps

Front 137

Ascocarp

Back 137

This is an ascus-producing structure

Front 138

Apothecium

Back 138

Open, cup-shaped ascocarp

Front 139

Perithecium

Back 139

Open, flask-shaped ascocarp

Front 140

Cliestothecium

Back 140

Completely enclosed ascocarp

Front 141

Apothecium

Back 141

This is the most common ascocarp

Front 142

Hymenium Layer

Back 142

This is a fertile layer of asci on ascocarps

Front 143

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 143

This phylum of fungi has asci with ascospores

Front 144

Asci

Back 144

These line the hymenial layer on an ascocarp

Front 145

8

Back 145

There are this many ascospores in an asci

Front 146

Asci

Back 146

Sac-like structures that contain ascospores

Front 147

paraphyses

Back 147

Sterile ascogenous hyphae interspersed among the asci in the hymenial layer of an ascospore

Front 148

paraphyses

Back 148

These protect and cushion the asci in the hymenial layer of an ascospore

Front 149

Crozier

Back 149

Hook formed by the top of the ascogenous hyphae bending over

Front 150

Penultimate Cell

Back 150

The top cell of an ascogenous hyphae with a crozier

Front 151

Penultimate Cell

Back 151

This is the cell that becomes the ascus

Front 152

Penultimate Cell

Back 152

This is where karyogamy occurs in the sexual reproduction of an ascomycota fungi

Front 153

Meiosis; 4

Back 153

The zygote formed after karyogamy in the penultimate cell of an ascogenous hyphae undergoes this to form this many ascospores

Front 154

Mitosis; 8

Back 154

The 4 ascospores formed by the meitotic division of the zygote in the penultimate cell of an ascogenous hyphae undergo this to form this many ascospores

Front 155

Morchella

Back 155

This is the sponge mushroom

Front 156

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 156

Morchella is an example of this phylum of fungi

Front 157

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 157

Peziza is an example of this phylum of fungi

Front 158

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 158

Saccharomyces are an example of this phylum of fungi

Front 159

Phylum Basidiomycota

Back 159

The fungi in this phylum are referred to as the "club fungi"

Front 160

Basidiospore

Back 160

This is the sexual spore of Phylum Basidiomycota fungi

Front 161

Basidium

Back 161

Basidiospores are borne on this

Front 162

Phylum Basidiomycota

Back 162

This phylum of fungi has basidiospores

Front 163

Phylum Basidiomycota

Back 163

This phylum of fungi has basidia

Front 164

Phylum Basidiomycota

Back 164

This phylum of fungi has basidophores

Front 165

Basidium

Back 165

This is a club shaped spore-producing structure

Front 166

Phylum Basidiomycota

Back 166

This phylum of fungi has septate hyphae

Front 167

Septate Hyphae

Back 167

Phylum Basidiomycota has this type of hyphae

Front 168

Secondary Hyphae

Back 168

Parenthesomes and Clamp Connections are observed only in this type of hyphae (in phylum basidiomycota fungi)

Front 169

Parenthesomes

Back 169

Structures on either side of the openings seen on the crosswalls of the secondary hyphae of phylum basidiomycota fungi

Front 170

Parenthesomes

Back 170

These inhibit things from going through the opening on the secondary hyphae of phylum basidiomycota fungi

Front 171

Clamp Connection

Back 171

Handle-like structures on the secondary hyphae of phylum basidiomycota fungi that allow movement of the nuclei

Front 172

Conidia

Back 172

Some phylum basidiomycota fungi reproduce asexually by producing this

Front 173

Fragmentation

Back 173

Asexual reproduction in which the hyphae break apart

Front 174

Phylum Basidiomycota

Back 174

Parenthesomes and Clamp Connections are observed only in the secondary hyphae of this phylum of fungi

Front 175

Phylum Basidiomycota

Back 175

Asexual reproduction by fragmentation is seen in this phylum of fungi

Front 176

Basidiocarp

Back 176

Basidium-producing structure

Front 177

Mushroom

Back 177

This is the most common form of basidiocarp

Front 178

Secondary Hyphae

Back 178

These produce a basidiocarp

Front 179

Button

Back 179

Immature mushroom that is formed below the ground

Front 180

Volva

Back 180

The remnants of the button stage

Front 181

Volva

Back 181

This is a cup found at the base of the mushroom

Front 182

Stem

Back 182

This is the stipe of the mushroom

Front 183

Annulus

Back 183

The ring of tissue seen around the stipe

Front 184

Annulus

Back 184

This is what was left after the stipe grew and the cap broke away from the stem

Front 185

Pileus

Back 185

The cap of the mushroom

Front 186

Lamella

Back 186

The gills of the mushroom

Front 187

Basidia

Back 187

The lamella of a mushroom are lined with this

Front 188

Hymenium Layer

Back 188

This is a fertile layer of basidia

Front 189

Phylum Basidiomycota

Back 189

This phylum of fungi has basidia

Front 190

Outside

Back 190

Are the basidiospores on the inside or outside of the basidium?

Front 191

4

Back 191

Basidium produce this many basidiospores

Front 192

Phylum Basidiomycota

Back 192

This phylum of fungi has basidiospores

Front 193

Phylum Basidiomycota

Back 193

This phylum of fungi has sterigmata

Front 194

Sterigmata

Back 194

Slender supporting structures that connect the basidium to the basidiospores

Front 195

Sterigmata

Back 195

Hairlike structures that the basidiospores migrate through to get to the outside of the basidium

Front 196

Amantia

Back 196

This is a fungi referred to as "the death angel"

Front 197

Phylum Basidiomycota

Back 197

Amantia is an example of this phylum of fungi

Front 198

Phylum Basidiomycota

Back 198

Coprinus is an exmaple of this phylum of fungi

Front 199

Phylum Basidiomycota

Back 199

Ferry Rings are associated with this phylum of fungi

Front 200

Phylum Deuteromycota

Back 200

This is sometimes referred to as a "holding" phylum

Front 201

Phylum Deuteromycota

Back 201

This is also called Fungi Imperfecti

Front 202

Asexual reproduction

Back 202

This is "imperfect" reproduction

Front 203

Phylum Deuteromycota

Back 203

This phylum only uses asexual reproduction

Front 204

Phylum Deuteromycota

Back 204

Penicillium is an example of this phylum

Front 205

Phylum Deuteromycota

Back 205

Aspergillus is an example of this phylum

Front 206

Mutualism

Back 206

Fungal symbiosis is this type of symbiosis

Front 207

Lichen

Back 207

A symbiotic relationship between an alga and a fungus

Front 208

Alga

Back 208

This part of a lichen is photosynthetic

Front 209

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 209

Many of the fungi that make up lichens belong to this phylum

Front 210

Fungus

Back 210

This serves as protective housing in a lichen

Front 211

Fungi

Back 211

This component of a lichen provides moisture

Front 212

Cortex

Back 212

This is the outer region of the lichen

Front 213

Fungi

Back 213

This makes up most of the cortex of a lichen

Front 214

Medulla

Back 214

The inner region of a lichen

Front 215

Algae

Back 215

This makes up most of the medulla of a lichen

Front 216

Crustose

Back 216

This lichen is a flat, crust-like layer

Front 217

Fruticose

Back 217

This is a vertically raised up, plant-like lichen

Front 218

Foliose

Back 218

This lichen has a curled leaf-like appearance

Front 219

Mycorrhizae

Back 219

This is a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and the root of a tree

Front 220

Fungus

Back 220

This part of the mycorrhizae helps absorb nutrients and water

Front 221

Endomycorrhizae

Back 221

With this mycorrhizae, the hyphae of the fungus penetrate the cells of the cortex

Front 222

Ectomycorrhizae

Back 222

With this mycorrhizae, the hyphae of the fungus penetrate the cortex but not the cells of the cortex

Front 223

Saccharomyces

Back 223

Scientific name for yeast

Front 224

Phylum Ascomycota

Back 224

Yeast is an example of this phylum of fungi

Front 225

Budding

Back 225

Yeast cells reproduce through this