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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Community |
a group of populations of different species interaction together |
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Interspecific Interactions |
interactions between different species ex: predators, competition ect. |
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Interspecific Competition |
different species compete for the sam resources (-/-) limits growth and survival |
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Competition Exclusion |
If two similar species compete for the exact same resource eventually of the species will die off and the other species will survive |
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Ecological Niche |
the set of specific biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) resources used by an organism |
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Fundamental Niche |
the entire potential niche Fundamental=real range |
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Realized Niche |
The portion of a niche actually used in a certain environment Realized= real range |
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Resource Partitioning |
Effects of competition Species to divide resources within community EX: living in different part of the tree and feeding at different times of the day |
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Character Displacement |
Effects of competition competition causes similar genes of species to diverge EX: divergence in beak size |
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predetation |
(+/-) One species (predator) kill and eats another species (prey) natural selection leads to defense mechanisms |
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Batesian Mimicry |
harmless species mimic unplatable/harmful ones |
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Mullerian Mimicry |
multiple unpalatable species mimic each other |
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Herbiviory |
(+/-) an organism eats part of a plant or algae |
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symbiosis |
when two species live close/ intimate contact with each other |
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Mutualism |
(+/+) symbiosis that benefits both species |
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Commensalism |
(+/0) symbiosis that benefits one specie but doesn't help/harm the other specie |
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Parasitism |
(+/-) symbiosis in which one organism (parasite) feeds on another organisms tissue (host) |
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Endoparasite |
feed inside body of host |
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Ectoparasite |
Feed outside body of host |
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Facilitation |
(+/+) or (+/0) helpful relationship, but not close enough for symbiosis |
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Species Diversity |
the variety of different organism in a commuity |
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Species Richness |
the number of different species |
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Relative Abundance |
the proportion of each species |
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Trophic structure |
pattern of feeding relationships Energy moves from level to level as organisms are eaten |
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Food chain |
sequence of energy transfer |
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Producers |
Make their own energy plant and algae |
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consumers |
Feed on other organisms primary = herbivores secondary and up = carnivores |
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Food web |
Interconnected feeding relationship among a community |
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Dominant species |
Most abundant |
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Invasive species |
species outside their normal range ex: rabbit in Australia |
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Ecosystem Engineers |
dramatically alter envoirnmet ex: humans, beavers etc. |
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keystone species |
Low in abundance, but high level of control on community stability ex: wolves |
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disturbance |
significant change to community balance ex: fire, drought |
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intermediate disturbance hypothesis |
medium level of disturbance creates high level of species diversity |
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Ecological succession |
gradual change in specie composition over time |
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primary succession |
occurs the first time a new space is colonized ex: new island, glacier retreat |
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secondary succession |
occurs after disturbance ex: fire, abandoned field |
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primary succession |
pioneer species are small and hardy eventually die and produce soil later species are bigger stronger and live linger |
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biogeoraphical factors |
latitude and area affect biodiversity tropics and large areas have more diversity |
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evapotranspiraion |
evaporation of water from plants and soil indicator of specie richness |
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species- area curve |
larger geographical areas have greater diversity ex: large island will have greater diversity than a smaller isalnd |
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pathogens |
disease causing organisms or viruses |
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zoonotic pathogens |
transfers from animals to humans about 60% of human diseases ex: influenza, ebola |
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vectors |
intermediate species that carry and transmits pathogens ex: mosquitoes,tick.lice |
