Bio 11 And 12

Front 1

A diploid cell of baker's yeast has 32 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in each of its haploid spores?

Back 1

16

Front 2

When do homologous chromosomes separate from one another?

Back 2

during meiosis 1

Front 3

In cystic fibrosis, which of the following is/are affected?

Back 3

airways

digestive system

reproductive system

Front 4

Every person has _____ alleles of the CFTR gene.

Back 4

2

Front 5

A meiotic error occurred during gamete formation resulting in an egg that has 24 chromosomes. If that egg is fertilized by a normal sperm, how many chromosomes will be in the zygote?

Back 5

47

Front 6

What is the genotype of a person with CF?

Back 6

homozygous recessive

Front 7

A woman has cystic fibrosis. Therefore:

Back 7

she must have inherited a cystic fibrosis allele from both her mother and her father

Front 8

In meiosis, sister chromatids separate during:

Back 8

meiosis 2

Front 9

A gene encodes a protein of 350 amino acids. A mutation creates an allele that only has the first 120 amino acids. What could happen to this mutant allele?

Back 9

The protein encoded by the mutant allele is shorter than the one encoded by the normal allele.

The protein encoded by the mutant allele could be non-functional.

The mutant allele could be associated with disease.

Front 10

`Allele A has 235 codons. Allele a (an alternative allele of the same gene) has 233 codons. When comparing the protein encoded by allele A to that encoded by allele a, protein A must be:

Back 10

longer by 2 amino acids

Front 11

A person has a cystic fibrosis phenotype. What does this mean about the protein encoded by the cystic fibrosis gene in their cells?

Back 11

the protein is not functional

Front 12

An alien species has 102 chromosomes in its diploid somatic cells. Its haploid gametes will have _____ chromosomes.

Back 12

51

Front 13

Mexican hairless dogs are hairless because of a dominant allele of a particular gene. Homozygous dominant dogs die in utero (before being born). What is the probability of two hairless dogs having a hairy puppy?

Back 13

1/4

Front 14

A person has cystic fibrosis. What does this mean about their alleles in the cystic fibrosis gene?

Back 14

both are non-functional

Front 15

Are all mutations harmful?

Back 15

No, not all mutations change the amino acid sequence of the protein.

No, some mutations are beneficial.

Front 16

Having two copies of every chromosome is referred to as being:

Back 16

diploid

Front 17

A mutation in the coding sequence of the CFTR gene does not change the amino acid sequence of the CFTR protein. This mutation is most likely to be _____.

Back 17

neutral (has no effect)

Front 18

A person inherits a functional cystic fibrosis allele from both parents. This person will have cystic fibrosis.

Back 18

false

Front 19

define homozygous

Back 19

have two identical allelles

Front 20

independent assortment

Back 20

the principle that alleles of different genes are distributed independently of one another during meiosis

Front 21

what are gametes

Back 21

specialized reproductive cells that carry one copy of each chromosome (haploid).

ex: sperm= male gametes

egg=female gamete

Front 22

what is meiosis

Back 22

a specialized type of nuclear division that generates genetically unique haploid gametes

Front 23

Haploid

Back 23

having only one copy of every chromosome

Front 24

mutation

Back 24

A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.

Front 25

homologous chromosomes

Back 25

A pair of chromosomes that both contain the same genes.

In a diploid cell, one chromosome in the pair is inherited from the mother, the other from the father.

Front 26

diploid

Back 26

having two copies of every chromosome

Front 27

embryo

Back 27

An early stage of development reached when a zygote undergoes cell division to form a multicellular structure.

Front 28

heterozygous?

Back 28

having two different alleles

Front 29

punnett square

Back 29

A diagram used to determine probabilities of offspring having particular genotypes, given the genotypes of the parents.

Front 30

recombination

Back 30

An event in meiosis during which maternal and paternal chromosomes pair and physically exchange DNA segments.

Front 31

zygote

Back 31

a fertilized egg

Front 32

A visual representation of the occurrence of phenotypes across generations is called a _____.

Back 32

pedigree

Front 33

A form of inheritance in which heterozygotes have a phenotype that is intermediate between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive is:

Back 33

incomplete dominance

Front 34

The failure of chromosomes to separate accurately during cell division is called:

Back 34

nondisjunction

Front 35

How does an XX female inherit her two chromosomes?

Back 35

one from mom and one from dad

Front 36

X-linked traits are most typically inherited by _____ from their _____.

Back 36

sons; mothers

Front 37

A woman produces an egg with 24 chromosomes, including two copies of chromosome 21. If the egg is fertilized by a normal sperm, the zygote will have _____ chromosomes.

Back 37

47

Front 38

Which two people would have the most different Y chromosome?

Back 38

a father and his daughter's biological son

Front 39

A form of inheritance in which both alleles contribute equally to the phenotype is _____.

Back 39

codominance

Front 40

A pregnant woman has amniocentesis in order to:

Back 40

examine the embryonic/fetal karyotype.

Front 41

what kind of couple could have a boy with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)?

Back 41

a male with DMD and a carrier female

Front 42

The combination of alleles a person inherits (aabbcc, AabbCc, etc.) predicts a distinct phenotype. We call this type of inheritance:

Back 42

polygenic

Front 43

A person with 47 total chromosomes has a karyotype that can best be described as _____.

Back 43

aneuploid

Front 44

true or false:

A phenotype determined by an allele on the X chromosome is called an X-linked trait.

Back 44

true

Front 45

A mating of two people of medium height (where three genes control height): AaBbCc x AaBbCc produce _____ distinct phenotypes determined by the number of genes inherited.

Back 45

seven

Front 46

true or false:

Karyotype analysis can be used to detect trisomy 21 prenatally.

Back 46

true

Front 47

Which of the following most influences the development of a female fetus?

Back 47

the absence of a Y chromosome

Front 48

A trait with polygenic inheritance is influenced by:

Back 48

alleles of multiple genes

Front 49

A sperm with two copies of chromosome 15 is fertilized by a normal egg. The zygote will have a(n) _____ karyotype.

Back 49

aneuploid

Front 50

what are autosomes

Back 50

the paired chromosomes present in both males and females.

all chromosomes except the X and Y chromosomes.

Front 51

true or false:

A person with type B blood makes antibodies against the "B" antigen.

Back 51

false

Front 52

A shorter form of the allele for serotonin transporter protein has been linked to _____ in humans.

Back 52

anxiety disorder

Front 53

A liver cell of a person with Down syndrome has _____ chromosomes.

Back 53

47

Front 54

You have type B blood. Therefore you can accept blood donations from people with a(n) _____ genotype.

Back 54

BB and BO

Front 55

A black dog is bred with a brown dog, and all the puppies have patches of black and brown. The color coat alleles for black and brown are an example of:

Back 55

codominance

Front 56

A man with straight hair marries a woman with wavy hair. What is the chance that their first child will have wavy hair?

Back 56

50%

Front 57

An individual inheriting the genotype aaBbCc falls in the _____ foot phenotype.

Back 57

five

Front 58

A procedure that removes fluid surrounding the fetus to obtain and analyze fetal cells to diagnose genetic disorders.

Back 58

AMNIOCENTESIS

Front 59

An interaction between genes and the environment that contributes to a phenotype or trait.

Back 59

MULTIFACTORIAL INHERITANCE

Front 60

The failure of chromosomes to separate accurately during cell division;

in meiosis leads to aneuploid gametes.

Back 60

nondisjunction

Front 61

Variation in a population showing an unbroken range of phenotypes rather than discrete categories.

Back 61

CONTINUOUS VARIATION

Front 62

A form of inheritance in which heterozygotes have a phenotype that is intermediate between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive.

Back 62

incomplete dominance

Front 63

An abnormal number of one or more chromosomes (either extra or missing copies).

Back 63

ANEUPLOIDY

Front 64

Sex organs: ovaries in females, testes in males.

Back 64

GONADS

Front 65

A trait whose phenotype is determined by the interaction among alleles of more than one gene.

Back 65

POLYGENIC TRAITS

Front 66

Carrying an extra copy of chromosome 21; also known as Down syndrome.

Back 66

TRISOMY 21

Front 67

A phenotype determined by an allele on an X chromosome.

Back 67

x-linked traits

Front 68

Comparing sequences on the Y chromosome to examine paternity and paternal ancestry.

Back 68

Y-CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS

Front 69

Mendel's Law of Segregation

Back 69

for any diploid organism, the 2 alleles of each gene segregate separately into gametes.

---every gamete receives only one of the two alleles and the specific allele that any one gamete receives is random

Front 70

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment

Back 70

two alleles of any given gene segregate independently from any two alleles of a second gene

-bc of this, offspring can display any combo of the diff traits rather than inheriting the traits together

Front 71

Mexican hairless dogs are hairless because of a dominant allele of a particular gene. Homozygous dogs die in utero (before being born). What is the probability of one hairless dog having a hairy puppy?

Back 71

0%

Front 72

true or false:

A person inherits a functional cystic fibrosis allele from both parents. This person will have cystic fibrosis.

Back 72

false

Front 73

If two genes are located next to one another on the same chromosome, can you use the Punnett square to assess inheritance of the two genes?

Back 73

no

Front 74

Mexican hairless dogs are hairless because of a dominant allele of a particular gene. Homozygous dominant dogs die in utero (before being born). What is the probability of two hairless dogs having a hairless puppy?

Back 74

2/3

Front 75

Gamete:

How many chromosomes in one gamete

How many alleles of each gene present

Back 75

23; 1