Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Character |
An observable, heritable feature that varies among individuals. (Such as flower color) |
|
|
Trait |
One of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character (Such as purple or white color) |
|
|
How did Mendel achieve cross-pollination (fertilization between different plants)? |
Mendel removed the inmature stamens of a plant before they produced pollen... And then dusted pollen from another plant onto the altered plants |
|
|
True-breeding |
Organsisms that produce offspring of the same variety over many generations of self-pollination |
|
|
Hybridization |
The mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties |
|
|
P generation |
The true-breeding (homozygous) parent individuals from which F1 hybrid offspring are derived (P STANDS FOR PARENTAL) |
|
|
F1 generation |
The first hybrid (heterozygous) offspring arising from a parental (P generation) cross |
|
|
F2 generation |
The offspring resulting from interbreeding (or self-pollination) of the hybrid F1 generation |
|
|
What is the first concept making up Mendel's model? |
Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited characters |
|
|
What are the alternative versions of a gene called? |
Alleles |
|
|
What is the second concept in Mendel's model? |
For each character, an organism inherits two copies (alleles) of a gene, one from each parent |
|
|
What is the third concept of Mendel's model? |
If the two alleles at a locus differ, then one, the dominant allele, determines the organism's appearance; The other, the recessive allele, has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance |
|
|
What is the fourth and final part of Mendel's model? |
The law of segregation |
|
|
What does the law of segregation state? |
The two alleles for a heritable character segregate (seperate from each other) during gamete formation & end up in different gametes. |
|
|
According to the law of segregation, an egg or sperm gets how many alleles that are present in the somatic cells of the organism making the gamete? |
One of two |
|
|
Homozygous |
Having 2 identical alleles for a given gene |
|
|
Heterozygous |
Having two different alleles for a given gene |
|
|
Phenotype |
Observable physical & physiological traits of an organism... Determined by its genetic makeup |
|
|
Genotype |
The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism |
|
|
Testcross |
Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype. The ratio of phenotypes in the offspring reveals the unknown genotype |
|
|
Monohybrid |
Organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. |
|
|
Monohybrid cross |
A cross between 2 organisms that are heterozygous for the character being followed |
|
|
What is the main difference between the law of segregation & law of independent assortment? |
L.O.S- followed one character L.O.I.A- followed two characters at the same time |
|
|
Dihybrids |
Organism that is heterozygous with respect to two genes of interest. |
|
|
Dihybrid cross |
A cross between F1 dihybrids |
|
|
What does the law of independent assortment state? |
Two or more genes assort independently - that is, each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other pair during gamete formation. |
|
|
The law of independent assortment only applies to... |
Genes (allele pairs) located on different chromosomes, or very far apart on the same chromosome |
