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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell division for
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development from a fertilized cell, growth, and repair
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cell cycle
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the life of a cell from formation to it's own division
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most cell division results in _______ _______ with identical genetic information, DNA
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daughter cells
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meiosis
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a special type of division that can produce sperm and egg cells
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binary fision
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single, circular bacterial chromosome is replicated
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during binary fission, replication begins at the ________ ___ _________ and proceeds bidirectionally
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origin of replication
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during binary fission, new __________ move to opposite ends of the cell and a _________ forms to divide the cell into 2 cells
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chromosomes, septum
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all the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell's _________
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genome
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DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into ___________
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chromosomes
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somatic cells
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nonreproductive cells- have two sets of chromosomes, 2 copies of each chromosome
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gametes
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reproductive cells- have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells, 1 copy of each chromosome (sperm and eggs)
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every species has a specific __________ chromosomes
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number
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chromosomes are found in the _________ of all eukaryotic cells
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chromosomes
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chromatin
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complex of DNA and proteins, that which chromosomes are composed of
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typical human chromosome is 140 million __________ long
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nucleotides
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diploid
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2 complete sets of chromosomes (as in humans), 1 copy obtained from each parent, 46 total chromosomes in all but gametes
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haploid
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1 set of chromosomes, 23 in humans (only gametes are haploid)
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pair of chromosomes are __________ to each other
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homologous
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each chromosome is a ___________
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homologue
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karyotype
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the entire array of chromosomes in an individual, can indicate genetic problems
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first step of cell division
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chromosome replication
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replicated chromosomes are connected to each other at their ___________ at their ______________
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keneticores, centromeres
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sister chromatids
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2 copies of the chromosome within the replicated chromosome (separate during cell division)
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even though a replicated chromosome consists of two chromatids, it is still considered a ______ chromosome
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single
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dividing phase
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mitotic or "M" phase
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nondividing phase
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interphase (G1, S, and G2)
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eukaryotic cell has 5 main phases
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Interphase:
1. G1 (gap phase 1) 2. S (synthesis) 3. G2 (gap phase 2) M phase 4. M (mitosis) 5. C (cytokinesis) |
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complete cell cycle length varies greatly among cell types
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8 min > 1 year
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G1
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gap phase 1 - time of cell growth and normal functioning, the longest stage
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S phase
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synthesis of DNA (DNA replication) in preparation for mitosis - two sister chromatids are produced
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G2
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gap phase 2 - chromosomes BEGIN to condense, replicate organelles and synthesize cytoplasm
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following the S phase, the sister chromatids are attached to each other at their _________ regions
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centromere
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proteins of the _________ are attached to the centromere of the sister chromatids
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kenetochore
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micro tubules attach to the kinetochore during
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prometaphase
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during G2 the chromosomes begin __________, becoming tightly coiled
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condensation
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__________ (microtubule organizing centers) replicate and moves to each pole
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centrioles
slide 28 |
