Bio 108 Chapter 6

Front 1

blood functions to (5):

Back 1

-transport hormones, oxygen, and nutrients to cells

-transport CO2 and other wastes from cells

-fight infections by transporting antibodies and cells of the immune system

-maintain blood pressure and regulate body temp

-keep the pH of body fluids w/in normal limits

Front 2

antibodies

Back 2

proteins produced in response to the presence of an antigen; each one of these combines with a specific antigen

Front 3

2 main components of blood:

Back 3

-plasma

-formed elements

Front 4

plasma

Back 4

liquid portion of blood; contains nutrients, wastes, salts, and proteins

Front 5

formed elements (3)

Back 5

-red blood cells

-white blood cells

-platelets

Front 6

plasma is a ________ tissue

Back 6

connective

Front 7

plasma proteins (3)

Back 7

-albumins

-globulins

-fibroinogen

Front 8

plasma proteins maintain _______ _________ and help regulate _____.

Back 8

osmotic pressure / pH

Front 9

osmotic pressure

Back 9

measure of the tendency of water to move across a selectively permeable membrane; visible as an increase in liquid on the side of the membrane w/ higher solute concentration

Front 10

albumins

Back 10

plasma protein of the blood having transport and osmotic functions

Front 11

globulins

Back 11

type of protein in blood plasma important in fighting disease-causing pathogens

Front 12

fibrinogen

Back 12

an inactive plasma protein; but once activated, it forms a blood clot

Front 13

red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Back 13

formed element that contains hemoglobin and carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues

Front 14

hemoglobin (Hb)

Back 14

iron-containing pigment in RBCs that combines w/ and transports oxygen

Front 15

When oxygen concentration decreases, the kidneys increase production of the hormone _________.

Back 15

erythropoletin (EPO)

Front 16

diseases involving RBCs include: (3)

Back 16

-anemia

-hemolysis

-sickle-cell disease

Front 17

anemia

Back 17

inefficiency in the oxygen-carrying ability of blood due to a shortage of hemoglobin

Front 18

hemolysis

Back 18

rupture of RBCs accompanied by the release of hemoglobin

Front 19

sickle-cell disease

Back 19

genetic disorder in which the affected individual has sickle-shaped RBCs subject to hemolysis

Front 20

white blood cells (leukocytes)

Back 20

type of blood cell that is transparent w/out staining and protects the body from invasion by foreign substances and organisms

Front 21

White blood cells are either _______ or _________.

Back 21

granular leukocytes / agranular leukocytes

Front 22

granular leukocytes

Back 22

white blood cell w/ prominent granules in the cytoplasm

Front 23

agranular leukocytes

Back 23

white blood cell that does not contain distinctive granules

Front 24

immune system

Back 24

white blood cells and lymphatic organs that protect the body against foreign organisms and substances and also cancerous cells

Front 25

antigens

Back 25

foreign substance, usually a protein or a polysaccharide, that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies

Front 26

monocytes

Back 26

type of agranular white blood cell that functions as a phagocyte and an antigen-presenting cell

Front 27

lymphocytes

Back 27

specialized white blood cell that functions in specific defense; occurs in 2 forms--T and B cell

Front 28

diseases associated with white blood cells (3);

Back 28

-severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

-leukemia

-infectious mononucleosis

Front 29

platelets (thrombocytes)

Back 29

component of blood necessary to blood clotting

Front 30

megakaryocytes

Back 30

large cell that gives rise to blood platelets

Front 31

prothrombin

Back 31

plasma protein converted to thrombin during the steps of blood clotting

Front 32

thrombin (T)

Back 32

enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin threads during blood clotting

Front 33

fibrinogen

Back 33

plasma protein that is converted into fibrin threads during blood clotting

Front 34

coagulation

Back 34

homeostatic mechanism that forms blood clots in response to injury

Front 35

diseases associated w/ improper blood clotting include (3)

Back 35

-thrombocytopenia

-thromboembolism

-hemophilia

Front 36

thrombocytopenia

Back 36

insufficient number of platelets in the blood

Front 37

thromboembolism

Back 37

obstruction of a blood vessel by a thrombus that has dislodged from the site of its formation

Front 38

hemophilia

Back 38

genetic disorder in which the affected individual is subject to uncontrollable bleeding

Front 39

agglutination

Back 39

occurs if the corresponding antigen and antibody are mixed

Front 40

Type A Blood

Back 40

Type A surface antigens; plasma has anti-B antibodies

Front 41

Type B Blood

Back 41

Type B surface antigens; plasma has anti-A antibodies

Front 42

Type AB Blood

Back 42

Types A and B surface antigens; plasma has neither anti-A antibodies of anti-B antibodies (universal recipient)

Front 43

Type O Blood

Back 43

neither Type A nor type B surface antigens; plasma has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies (universal donor)