Bio 107 Chapter 6

Front 1

When visible light is passed through a specimen and then through the lenses.

Back 1

Light Microscope

Front 2

The membrane enclose structures within an eukaryotic cells.

Back 2

Organelles

Front 3

The process that takes cells apart and separates major organelles and other subcellular structures from one another.

Back 3

Cell Fractionation

Front 4

Subcellular components are suspended in this jelly like, semifluid substance.

Back 4

Cytosol

Front 5

In this cell, most of the DNA is in an organelle called the nucleus which is bound by a double membrane.

Back 5

Eukaryotic Cell

Front 6

In this cell, the DNA is not concentrated in a membrane enclosed region, instead it is enclosed in a place called the nucleoid.

Back 6

Prokaryotic Cells

Front 7

Where DNA is concentrated with in a prokaryotic cell

Back 7

Nucleoid

Front 8

The interior of either type of cell.

Back 8

Cytoplasm

Front 9

The boundary of a cell that functions as a selective barrier that allows passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the entire cell.

Back 9

Plasma Membrane

Front 10

Contains most of the genes of a eukaryotic cell

Back 10

Nucleous

Front 11

This encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm.

Back 11

nuclear envelope

Front 12

A net lie array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope.

Back 12

nuclear lamina

Front 13

Structures that carry genetic information

Back 13

chromosomes

Front 14

A mass of densely stained granules and fibers adjoining part of the chromatin, and a prominent structure within the non dividing nucleus.

Back 14

Nucleolus

Front 15

Cellular components that carry out protein synthesis.

Back 15

Ribosomes

Front 16

The system which includes the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the golgi apparatus, lysosomes, various kinds of vesicles and vaculous, and the plasma membrane.

Back 16

Endomembrane System

Front 17

Sacs made of membranes that are used to transfer membrane segments.

Back 17

Vesicles

Front 18

An extensive network of membrane that accounts for more than half the total membrane in eukaryotic cells, and is made up of tubes and sacs.

Back 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Front 19

The outer surface of the ER that lack ribisomes.

Back 19

Smooth ER

Front 20

The outer surface of the ER that is studded with ribosomes

Back 20

Rough ER

Front 21

Carbs that have carbohydrtes bonded to them

Back 21

Secretory proteins, most are glycoproteins.

Front 22

Vesicles that transport material from one place to another, formed of bubbles from the ER

Back 22

Transport Vesicles or vacuoles

Front 23

The warehouse for the cell that deals with shipping and receiving of material.

Back 23

The golgi apparatus.

Front 24

A membranous sac of of hydorlytic enzymes that an animal cells uses to digest macromolecules.

Back 24

Lysosome

Front 25

Eating by engulfing other smaller organisms or food particles

Back 25

phagocytosis

Front 26

Vacuoles

Back 26

A large vesicle derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus. Used to carry material.

Front 27

Food Vacuoles

Back 27

Fuses with lysosomes which then digest food, made up of phagocytosis.

Front 28

Contractile vacuoles

Back 28

Pump excess water outside the cell there by maintaining a suitable concentration of ions and molecules inside the cell.

Front 29

Holds a solution called the cell sap that is the main repository of inorganic ions including pottasium and chloride.

Back 29

Central vacuole

Front 30

The site of cellular respiration, the metabolic proccess that uses oxygen to generate ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fats, and other fuels.

Back 30

Mitochondria

Front 31

The sights of photosynthesis found in plant cells and algea.

Back 31

Chloroplast

Front 32

The theory that states that an early ancestor of eukaryotic cells engulfed an oxygen using non-photosynthetic prokaryotic cell. Eventually the engulfed cell formed a relationship with the host cell in which it was enclosed.

Back 32

Endosymbiont theory

Front 33

inflods on the inner membrane of mitochondria

Back 33

cristae

Front 34

Enclosed by the inner membrane, and contains many different enzymes as well as mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes

Back 34

Mitochondrial Matrix

Front 35

Inside the chloroplast is a membranous system made up of flattened interconnected cell sacs in which the light reaction of photosynthesis takes place.

Back 35

Thylakoids

Front 36

A stack of thylackoids

Back 36

granum

Front 37

The fluid found outside of the thylackoids inside of the chloroplast containing the chlorplasts DNA and ribosomes, as well as enzymes.

Back 37

Stroma

Front 38

Chloroplast is a specialized organelle of a family closely related to plant organelles called " ."

Back 38

Plastids

Front 39

A specialized metabolic compartment bound by a single membrane. These contain enzymes that remove hydrogen from various substrates and transfer them to oxygen.

Back 39

Peroxisome

Front 40

A network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm.

Back 40

cytoskeleton

Front 41

motor proteins work together with the cytoskeleton for

Back 41

cell mobility

Front 42

hollow rods that are used to support the cell and serve as tracks that organelles equiped with motor proteins can move.

Back 42

Microtubules

Front 43

A microtubler organizing center.

Back 43

Centrosome

Front 44

A pair within the centrsome that each is composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules in a ring.

Back 44

Centrioles

Front 45

Locomotor appendages and microtubules-containing extensions of cells.

Back 45

Flagella and Cilia

Front 46

A twisted double chain of actin sub units

Back 46

Microfilements

Front 47

MIcrofiliments are built from molecules of

Back 47

actin

Front 48

This network gives the outer scytoplsmic layer of a cell its gel like consitency.

Back 48

cortex

Front 49

Acts as a motor protein by means of projections that walk a long the actin filements

Back 49

Myosin

Front 50

The circular flow of cytoplasm within cells

Back 50

cytoplasmic streaming

Front 51

An extracellular structure that distinguishes animal cells from plant cells

Back 51

cell wal

Front 52

A realtivly thin and flexible wall

Back 52

Primary cell wall

Front 53

A thin layer of the cell wall rich in polysacharides called pectins

Back 53

MIddle lamella

Front 54

Between the primary wall and plasma membrane

Back 54

secondary cell wall

Front 55

The most abundant glycoprotein in the ECM

Back 55

collagen

Front 56

ECM

Back 56

Extracellular matrix

Front 57

Collogen fibers are embedded into a network woven out of-

Back 57

proteoglycens