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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an organic compound?
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Contain carbon and hydrogen. An organic compounds chemical formula will contain C and H.
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True or False: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleotides/nucleic acids are all organic compounds.
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TRUE
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What properties of carbon facilitate the complexity of organic molecules?
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Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell, bonds covalently, and has a great bonding capacity due to it only having 4 molecules. It forms stable molecules.
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Why are the complexity of organic molecules so important to life?
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the complexity of life is due to the many ways/capabilities that carbon can link.
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What are the four major classes of molecules?
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carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleotides/nucleic acids
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What are the major functions of a carbohydrate?
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it is the primary form of energy storage for most living organisms
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What are the major functions of a lipid?
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energy storage, insulation, and structure
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What are the major functions of a protein?
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many varying purposes...enzymes speed up chemical reactions. structural proteins-make up structure of hair
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What are the major functions of a nucleotide/nucleic acids?
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DNA/RNA -- stores/transports genetic info. makes structure of ribosomes.
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What are the monomer and polymer for carbohydrates?
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monomer=simple sugars like glucose
polymer=polysaccharides/complex carbs |
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What are the monomer and polymer for proteins?
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monomer=amino acid
polymer=polypeptide chains (string of amino acid) |
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What are the monomer and polymer for nucleic acids?
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monomer=nucleotides=SUGAR, PHOSPHATE GROUP, N CONTAINING BASE.
polymer=nucleic acids |
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What are the main components of monomers for carbohydrates?
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monosaccharides, CH20
disaccharide polysaccharide |
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What are the main components of monomers for proteins?
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amino acid group
sidechain carbon group |
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What are the main components of monomers for nucleic acids?
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sugar
phosphate group nitrogen containing base |
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How do we link sugar monomers and make different carbohydrate polymers?
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Most of the food we eat is broken down into glucose (simp sugar). When 2 glucose combine, they can create many different carb polymers, like maltose. reaction is reversible.
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What are the common lipids?
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glycerides, phospholipids, steroids, waxes
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What is the basic structure of a glyceride?
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glycerol head
fatty acids-long chain of C&H. C+H+COOH=carboxyl group. triglycerides=3fattyacids. can be mono-, di-, tri- |
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What is the basic structure of phospholipids?
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glycerol head
TWO fatty acids phosphate group (Phos atom +4 O atoms) |
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What is the basic structure of steroids?
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4 carbon rings
side chains attach to the rings, determine type of steroid |
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What are the main components of waxes?
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ONE fatty acid chain
linked to long chain alcohol |
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How does energy storage and use work in lipids?
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fat in cow stores energy. we eat meat, fat is broken down into glycerol/fatty acids. glycerol/fatty acids=energy source. converted into triglycerides when unused (stored in fat cells).
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How does energy storage and use work in carbohydrates?
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starch in carrots store energy. starch is broken into glucose. glucose serves as energy. converted to glycogen if unused-in liver for later use.
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What are the four levels of protein structure?
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primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quaternary structure.
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Describe the first level of protein structure, primary structure.
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sequence of amino acids.
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Describe the second level of protein structure, secondary structure.
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part of polypeptide chain--pleated helix, coil.
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Describe the third level of protein structure, tertiary structure.
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folded polypeptide chain.
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Describe the fourth level of protein structure, quaternary structure.
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several polypeptide chains linked together.
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What is denaturation?
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in the wrong ph environment, enzymes can unfold and lose their tertiary structure/lose ability to catalyze. (Cant unfry an egg)
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What are the 3 defining features of DNA? (how is it different from RNA)
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deoxyribose, thyamine, double stranded
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What are the 3 defining features of RNA? (how is it different fron DNA)
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ribose, uracil, single stranded
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What is "the central dogma"?
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DNA is greater than RNA which is greater than protein
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Explain the correct flow of information within a cell. (central dogma)
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DNA ->transcription...->RNA-> transformation...->protein
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List the four types of fats, in order from best to worst
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polyunsaturated fats (omega 3)
monounsaturated/polyunsaturated (no omega 3s) saturated fats trans fats |
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Explain how the four types of fats help/hurt LDL/HDL levels
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polyun HELP hdl levels
monoun/polyun (no omega) dont change LDL/HDL saturated raise LDL a little trans fats raise LDL, lower HDL |
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What is an LDL?
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"bad cholesterol" carry fats to heart. should be low.
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What is an HDL?
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"good cholesterol" carry fats from heart. should be high.
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