Bio 103 Chapter 5

Front 1

fluid-mosaic model

Back 1

model proposing that the plasma membrane is a fluid phospholipid bilayer with partially or wholly embedded proteins

Front 2

integral proteins

Back 2

proteins that pass completely or partially through the plasma membrane

Front 3

transmembrane proteins

Back 3

integral proteins that protrude from both surfaces of the bilayer

Front 4

peripheral proteins

Back 4

proteins that are attached to the surface of the plasma membrane

Front 5

glycolipids

Back 5

a carbohydrate chain attached to a lipid in the phospho-bilayer

Front 6

glycoprotein

Back 6

a carbohydrate chain attached to a protein in the phospho-bilayer

Front 7

channel protein

Back 7

proteins that form a channel to allow a particular molecule or ions to cross the plasma membrane

Front 8

carrier proteins

Back 8

protein that combines with and transports a molecule across the plasma membrane

Front 9

cell recognition proteins

Back 9

glycoprotein that helps the body recognize and defends itself against pathogens

Front 10

receptor proteins

Back 10

protein located in the pm that binds to a substance that alters some metabolic aspect of the cell

Front 11

enzymatic proteins

Back 11

a protein that catalyzes a specific chemical reaction

Front 12

differentially permeable

Back 12

ability of the pm to allow some substances to pass into the cell and prohibit the passage of others

Front 13

concentration gradient

Back 13

the gradual change in the concentration of a chemical from one point to another

Front 14

diffusion

Back 14

the movement of molecules from a higher concentration towards equilibrium

Front 15

osmosis

Back 15

diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane

Front 16

osmotic pressure

Back 16

the pressure that develops in a system due to osmosis

Front 17

isotonic solution

Back 17

a solution that has an equal solute concentration to the cytoplasm of the cell

Front 18

tonicity

Back 18

the concentration of the solution in relation to the cell

Front 19

hypotonic solution

Back 19

a solution with a lower solute concentration than the cytoplasm of the cell

Front 20

hypertonic solution

Back 20

a solution with a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm of the cell

Front 21

turgor pressure

Back 21

pressure of a plants cell contents against the cell wall

Front 22

crenation

Back 22

shriveling of a cell when in a hypertonic solution

Front 23

plasmolysis

Back 23

contracting of cell cytoplasm from the cell wall due to loss of water through osmosis

Front 24

facilitated transport

Back 24

passive transfer of a substance into or out of a cell by a process tat requires a carrier protein

Front 25

active transport

Back 25

use of a pm carrier protein to move a molecule or ion from low concentration to high concentration

Front 26

sodium-potassium pump

Back 26

carrier protein that moves Na+ ions out of a cell and k+ ions into animal cells

Front 27

exocytosis

Back 27

aka secretion - when a vesicle inside a cell fuses to the pm, then releases its content outside the cell

Front 28

endocytosis

Back 28

vesicle formation process by which substances are moved into the cell from the environment

Front 29

phagocytosis

Back 29

process by which large particles are engulfed by the cell creating an intracellular vacuole

Front 30

pinocytosis

Back 30

process by which vesicle formation brings macromolecules into the cell

Front 31

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Back 31

selective uptake of molecules into a cell by a vacuole formation after they bind to specific receptor proteins in the pm