Bio 103 Ch 4 Volume 2

Front 1

Polyribosome

Back 1

a string of ribosomes that translate regions of the same mRNA strand at the same time

Front 2

endomembrane system

Back 2

a system of membranes that compartmentalize the cell so that particular reactions are restricted to particular regions

Front 3

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Back 3

complex system of membranous channels and saccules that synthesizes and transports various organic molecules

Front 4

rough ER

Back 4

ER that has attached ribosomes

Front 5

vesicles

Back 5

small membrane bound sacs that store and transport substances within a cell

Front 6

smooth ER

Back 6

ER that does not have attached ribosomes

Front 7

Golgi apparatus

Back 7

organelle consisting of saccules that processes, packages, and distributes molecules within and outside of the cell

Front 8

secretion

Back 8

releases of a substance by exocytosis from a cell

Front 9

lysosome

Back 9

membrane bound organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down macromolecules

Front 10

apoptosis

Back 10

programmed cell death

Front 11

vacuole

Back 11

large membrane-bound sac that usually functions in storage

Front 12

central vacuole

Back 12

a large vacuole in plant cells that store water and molecules, supports the cell and helps it increase in size

Front 13

chloroplasts

Back 13

membrane bound organelle in plants and algae where photosynthesis takes place

Front 14

mitochondria

Back 14

membrane-bound organelle in which ATP molecules are produced during cellular respiration

Front 15

photosynthesis

Back 15

a process by which solar energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates

Front 16

cellular respiration

Back 16

the process by which chemical energy of carbohydrates is converted to that of ATP

Front 17

plastid

Back 17

an organelle of a plant or animal cell that is bound by a double membrane and contains internal membranes or vesicles

Front 18

stroma

Back 18

space and fluid within a chloroplast that contains thylakoids and enzymes used during photosynthesis

Front 19

thylakoid

Back 19

flattened sac within the stroma whose membrane contains chlorophyll

Front 20

peroxisome

Back 20

enzme filled, membrane bound vesicle that breaks down fatty acid

Front 21

chromoplast

Back 21

plastids that contain red, orange or yellow pigments

Front 22

leucoplast

Back 22

colorless plastids that synthesize and stores starches and oils

Front 23

cristae

Back 23

short, finger-like projections that form from folding of the interior mitochondrial membrane

Front 24

matrix

Back 24

semifluid substance in the mitochondria that contains mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes

Front 25

cytoskeleton

Back 25

internal framework of the cell that contains microtubules, actin filaments and intermediate filaments

Front 26

actin filaments

Back 26

long thin flexible fibers made up of the protein actin

Front 27

motor molecules

Back 27

protein that moves along actin filaments to move organelles

Front 28

intermediate filaments

Back 28

rope-like assembly of fibrous polypeptides in the cytoskeleton

Front 29

microtubules

Back 29

small cylindrical organelle made from the globular protein tubulin

Front 30

centrosome

Back 30

central microtubule organizing center or region

Front 31

centriole

Back 31

animal cell organelle made of the short cylinders of microtubules

Front 32

basal bodies

Back 32

a microtubule structure located at the base of the cilia and flagella

Front 33

cilia

Back 33

short, hair like cell projections made from microtubules that often occur in large numbers and aid in cell locomotion

Front 34

flagella

Back 34

long slender microtubule projections used for locomotion in bacteria, protists, and sperm cells