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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is asexual reproduction? |
•Asexual reproduction isthe creation of genetically identical offspring by one parent. |
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What are budding, fission, and fragmentation? |
•budding,the outgrowth and eventual splitting off of a new individual from a parent,•fission,the separation of a parent into two or more offspring of about equal size, or•fragmentation/regeneration,the breaking of the parent body into several pieces, followed by regeneration, theregrowth of lost body parts. |
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1) What are gonads? What do they produce? Aregametes haploid or diploid? |
Organs that produce gametes, gametes are haploid |
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What is the path of sperm from the testes to the external environment. |
seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, and urethra |
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Are spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, andspermatids diploid or haploid? |
diploid, haploid, haploid, haploid |
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What are the three parts of a mature sperm cell? |
head, a midpiece and a tail. |
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What is the function of the acrosome and mitochondria in a sperm cell?When do human males start producing sperm? |
•enzymesthat help it penetrate the egg. mitochondria provides atp, males produce it during puberty |
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What do the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glandscontribute to the ejaculate (or seminal fluid)? }] |
•The seminalvesiclessecrete a thick fluid that contains mucus and the sugar fructose, whichprovides most of the energy used by the sperm as they propel themselves throughthe female reproductive tract.•The prostateglandsecretes a thin, milky fluid that further nourishes the sperm.•The bulbourethralglandssecrete a clear, alkaline mucus that neutralizes any acidic urine remaining inthe urethra. |
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How are testosterone (or androgens), luteinizing hormone (LH),follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), hypothalamus, and anterior pituitaryinvolved in the production of sperm? |
Sperm is completely driven by horomones. |
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What causes more or less sperm to be produced in the testes? {Ͷ] |
Changes in hormone levels from the hypothalmus and pituitary |
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What is the path of a human egg from the ovary to the uterus? |
Fimbriae and oviduct |
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1) Are oogonia, primary oocytes, secondary oocytes,ova, and polar bodies diploid or haploid? |
Diploid, diploid, haploid, haploid, haploid |
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What occurs during each of the three menstrual cycle phases (i.e.,menstrual flow, proliferation, and secretory)? Approximately how long is eachphase? |
The uterus sheds its inner lining of soft tissue and blood vessels which exits the body from the vagina in the form of menstrual fluid., follicles inside the ovaries develop and mature in preparation for ovulation, LH causes the burst follicle to develop into a structure called the corpus luteum. |
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What occurs during each of the three phases of the ovarian cycle (i.e.,follicular, ovulation, and luteal)? Approximately how long is each phase?/htͶ] |
The pituitary gland secretes a hormone that stimulates the egg cells in the ovaries to grow., ovary to release the matured egg cell. , The egg cell released during the ovulation phase stays in the fallopian tube for 24 hours.If a sperm cell does not impregnate the egg cell within that time, the egg cell disintegrates. |
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Approximately how many primary oocytes are human females born with? i|Ͷ] |
1-2 million |
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1) What is the function of a follicle and corpusluteum? dy>Ͷ \~ |
Follicle stimulating hormone is one of the hormones essential to pubertal development and the function of women's ovaries and men's testes., corpus luteoum secretion of the hormone progesterone |
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What is the function of estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), hypothalamus, and posterior pituitaryin the production of oocytes? |
Primarily horomone driven |
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What causes more or less oocytes to be produced in the ovaries? Whendoes the secondary oocyte complete meiosis? uctͶ] |
horomone levels |
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What releases hCG, and what is its function?cyͶ] |
syncitiotrophoblasts establish nutrient circulation between the embryo and the mother. |
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1) What are fourdifferences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?qs7nlz.̶u\) |
spermatogensis occurs in the testes, no polar body is formed, is completed in 74 days, and is completed in the testes, oogenesis occurs in the ovaries, forms polar bodies, is completed over a varying amount of time, is completed outside of the ovaries. |
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What is the development sequence from zygote to multicellular animal |Ͷ] |
morula, blastula, and gastrula!--EndFxͶ] |
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What is cleavage? What are the blastocoel and archenteron?<{Ͷ] |
the division of cells in the early embryo, the fluid-filled cavity of a blastula, the rudimentary alimentary cavity of an embryo at the gastrula stage. |
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At which stage of development do the three germ layers appear? What arethe three layers, and what do theybecome? |
embryogenesis, mesoderm (tissues), endoderm (organs), ectoderm (neural tube) |
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What are the fourextraembryonic membranes found in amniotes? |
yolk sac, amnion, allantois, chorion |
