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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nutrients
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- any element necessary for an organism's survival
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Macronutrient
Micronutrient |
need large amounts (.5% of drymass)
need trace amoutns |
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Nutrients plants need
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- need C, O2, H in abundance
- Nitrogen-usually limiting factor in growth - Iron- when missing leaves yellow/pale |
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Acquiring nutrients
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- Most from the soil, except O2/C
- Use CO2 and water to make food - Carnivorous plants gain protein from animals, proteins least available resource |
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Carnivorous plants
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- eat insects for amino acids
- favor nitrogen poor soils |
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Photosynth organelles/parts
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Chloroplast- assemble glucose from base elements/solar energy
Chloro a- primary enzyme, uses the light energy Chloro b and carotenoids- passes light ener to chloro a |
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Veins in Monocot?
Dicot? |
- Parallel leaf veins
- Net like |
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Leaf gas exchange
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-Stomata opens, CO2 in, O2 out
- O2 leaving is passive - Water evaporation through leaf |
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Water characteristcs in leaf
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- Exposed to sun, so wants to evaporate, leaf conserves
- Adds cuticle so water can't leave - Primary water loss is through stomata, opens at night, closes at day |
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Cohesion- Tension Theory
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- Water moves up the shoot of plant by capillary action (hydrogen bonding)
- Transpiration from leaves create a vacuum in leaf - Leaf pulls water in xylem to leaf - water in stem xylem sucks up water in roots as water is pulled into branches - water depletion in roots, now hypertonic, takes water from soil through osmosis |
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The Water Column
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- Tube of water in trachids
- If there is a break, no longer to pull up water due no hydrogen bonds - Xylem plugged to prevent infection |
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Casparian strip?
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- waxy layer impermeable to water
- Water passes only at some parts - part of endodermis |
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Root nodules
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- not used in water absorbtion
- N in atmosphere not usable by plants, use rhizobium to make N for the plant, gets protection |
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What do the companion cells in Phloem do?
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- maintain/change the concentrations in the phloem
- Load/Unload the sieve tube members |
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Source
Sink |
Source- sugars aded to phloem through active xport, water follows passively
Sink- endpoint where sugard unload (storage/devoloping area) |
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Pressure Flow Theory
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-Companion cell loads sugars to sieve
-Sugar conc. up and sends to nieghbor sieve tube (down conc. gradient) - When reach sink, sugar pulled out of sieve - Source pushes sol., sink pulls |
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Pressure Flow Theory Picture
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What is the sugar used for in pressure flow
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- Growth or storage (starch)
- Meristem used for growth - Roots- converted to starch |
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Translocation?
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- Xport of organic compounds (food) through phloem
- Part of Pressure flow theory (food moves down stem in phloem |
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Transpiration?
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- Evaporation of water from a plant
- Part of Cohesion Tension Theory (water moves up stem in xylem) |
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Soil types
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- Silt- good aeration/medium water retention
- Clay- smallest particle, no air, max water retention - Sand- largest particle, max air, no water retention |
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Humus
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decaying organic matter contained in the soil
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Best soil will have
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- 10-20% humus
- Clay at bottom, then silt, then sand |
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Leaching
Erosion |
- the removal of nutrients from soil by water (bad in sand)
- actual removal of soil by water/wind/ice |
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Deciduous Trees
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- Lose leaves in water
- Leaves broad/flat - Prone to freezing (ice ruins leaf, so it would be ruined anyway) - Pulls sugars out of leaves before freezing |
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Evergreen trees
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- Gymnosperm
- Needle like leaves, don't freeze - Plant adds antifreeze, loses leaves a little at a time not all at once |
