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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plant Groupings
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- Split into seed bearing/non seed bearing
- Spermatophytes- seed bearing |
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Spermatophytes broken down into
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- Angiosperms= have a fruit around their seed
- Subgroupings, monocot/dicot - Gymnosperms= have a naked seed Pine trees and ginko plants |
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Roots?
Shoot? |
- Below ground, nutrient/mineral/water gathering, food storage
- Above ground, consist of stem, leaves, flower - Used for food production/reproduction |
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Bud?
Node? |
- gives rise to new branches
- leafs, branches, fruit - site where branch has grown |
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Internode?
Petiole? |
- Space between 2 consecutive nodes
- stalk that a leaf is on |
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Meristem?
Apical Meristem? Lateral meristem? |
- region of dividing cells, plant stem cells
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Apical Meristem and parts in plant growth
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- Vertical growth, one on root/one on stem
- Protoderm- epidermis (primary growth) - Ground= ground tissues (roots/base) - Procambium= primary vascular tissue |
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Lateral Meristem and Parts in plant growth
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- Thickening, grows out
- Cork Cambium= periderm (produces bark) - Vascular Cambium= secnondary vasuclar tissue, produce wood |
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Plant tissues?
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Ground tissue- storage in roots
Vascular tissue- xport water/food down the stem Dermal tissue- protection/regulate |
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Tissues of ground system
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Parenchyma- photosynth, storage, secretion
Collenchyma- flexible, supportive (green branch) Sclerenchyma- support, protection (hard) |
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Vascular tissue/Xylem
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- At heart of woody plants
- Xport water from roots to leaves for photosynth - cells dead when mature - stack one on top of another to make a straw - individual cells called trachids |
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Vascular tissue/Phloem
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- Found in bark
- Xport food/sugar/organics, from leaves to roots or up to meristems - 2 cells per section, sieve cell and companion cell |
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Epidermis
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- Covers primary growth, also has waxy coating (non-specialized)
- stem and leaf contain stomata (specialized) - periderm replaces eperdermis=secondary growth |
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Features of leaf
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- Gases through stomata, regulated by guard cells
- Adapted for max light absorbtion/water retention - Leaves don't shade each other |
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Palisade Mesophyl
Spongy Mesophyll |
- Cells tightly packed, many cholorplasts
- Spaces b/t cells, for gas movement |
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Stoma
Guard Cells |
- Actual openings, closed/opened by guard cells
- Guard cell swells-gets bigger- bigger hole - Takes on H20 by absorbing K+ which causes more water to enter |
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Simple/Compound leaves determined by?
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compound have many leaflets, simple leaf no leaflets, each have only one petiole
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Monocot?
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- generally grass, weeds
- 1 cotyledon per seed - flower parts in mult of 3 - stomata on both sides of leaf - vascular bundle is diffuse in stem |
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Dicot
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-most trees and some green plants
- 2 cotyledon per seed - flower parts in mult of 4 or 5 - stomata on underside of leaf - Vascular bundle is in a ring |
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Parts of root
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- Root hairs- water absorb
- Epidermis- protection - Cortex- nutrient storage - endodermis- regulate water movement to vascular bundle - Pericycle- origination of lateral roots - Vascualr tissue- Xylem and phloem -Root cap- Protection (at bottom) |
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Monocot Roots?
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- Vascular tissue in circle
- Inside of V.T. is called the pith - Outside the V.T. is the cortex |
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Dicot Roots?
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- Vasc tissue at center of root shaped like an X
- No pith - Outside the V.T. is the cortex |
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Fibrous Root
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- Common in monocots
- no main root, lots little roots - Don't go very deep |
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Taproot
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- Common in dicots
- 1 main root, small lateral roots - goes deeper than fibrous root |
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Growth of woody plants
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- in trunk, phloem on outside, xylem inside
- divided by vascular cambium - As trunk thickens, phloem and cork cambium pushed out |
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Annual growth
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- Appear as rings inside trunk
- 2 color rings per year - Not truly annual, more hot/cold, wet dry |
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Heartwood
Sapwood |
- the no longer used core of wood, used for support
- active xylem on outer portion of wood |
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Tree defense
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- Compartmentalizion (CODIT)= limit invaders to spec. area
- Fill border regions with toxic chem - Cells around toxins thicken cell walls |
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Wall 1 in CODIT
Wall 2 In CODIT |
- plugs upper/lower vascular to limit vertical spread
- cells of the growth ring limit inward spread |
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Wall 3 in CODIT
Wall 4 in CODIT |
- ray cells compartment. decay, limit lateral spread
- Strongest wall, new growth that forms after injury |
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Do trees heal?
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- Do not heal, they CODIT and continuing growing around the damage.
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