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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The main enzyme for DNA replication, copies in the 5' -> 3' direction is? |
DNA Polymerase III |
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This enzyme starts the process of DNA replication by adding a few RNA nucleotides. |
DNA Primase |
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The enzyme responsible for removing the RNA nucleotides and replacing them with DNA nucleotides is what? |
DNA Polymerase I |
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The enzyme that uses ATP to unwind a molecule of double stranded DNA is what? |
DNA Helicase. |
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These form on the 'lagging strand' due to the discontinous synthesis on that strand of DNA. |
Okazaki Fragments. |
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This is the location of transcription in eukaryotic cells. |
The Nucleus. |
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This enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA). |
RNA Polymerase III. |
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This enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). |
RNA Polymerase II. |
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This phrase describes how transcription and translation occur in prokaryotic cells. |
same place, same time, 'coupled' with each other |
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How DNA is replicated in all organisms, with one strand serving as a template for enzymes to build a second strand of DNA. Each resulting DNA molecule has one of the original strands and one completely new strand of DNA. |
Semi-conservative replication. |
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The terms that describe the "Start", "Synthesis", and "Stop" phases in DNA Replication, DNA Transcription, and mRNA Translation. Basically fancier words. |
Initiation, Elongation, and Termination. |
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This molecule carries the genetic information for a protein to the ribosome. |
mRNA (Messenger RNA) |
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This molecule contains the 'anti-codon' and brings amino acids to the ribosome. |
tRNA (Transfer RNA) |
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This type of bond is formed between amino acids to synthesize a polypeptide. |
A Peptide Bond. |
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The enzymatic portion of the ribosome that forms the peptide bonds is this. |
Peptidyl transferase. |
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This process causes multiple mature mRNAs to be produced from a single primary transcript. |
Alternate Splicing. |
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These two protective structures are added to the primary transcript to prevent degradation. |
the 5' cap and the 3' tail |
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These are the portions of the primary transcript that are 'non-coding' and are removed during splicing. |
Introns. |
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This structure is both the location and the enzyme for the process of translation. |
The Ribosome. |
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This describes how DNA is replicated: one strand continuously (leading) and one strand discontinuously (lagging). |
Semidiscontinous. |
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These are similar structures in different organisms due to convergent evolution and not a close evolutionary relationship. |
Homoplastic Structures. |
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The current best estimate for the age of the earth. |
4.5 billion years old. |
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A way of defining a species that relies on sexually reproducing interbreeding populations is this. |
The Biological species concept |
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The current best estimate for when eukaryotic cells first evolved is? |
2.5 billion years ago. |
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The study of evolutionary relationships between different organisms is? |
Systematics. |
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Miller & Urey's "Early Earth Atmosphere" experiment attempted to replicate conditions on the earth billions of years ago. 1 - What gas was not present in the atmosphere initially? 2 - What are 2 molecules their experiment produced? 3 - What did their experiment NOT produce? |
1 - Oxygen, 2 - Carbon Compounds, Amino Acids, Proteins, Sugars, RNA bases, etc 3 - Prokaryotes, the experiment did NOT produce living organisms |
