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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ADP (ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE)
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a common high energy molecule in cells
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AMINO ACID
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building blocks for which proteins are made. a low pH protein. Only 20 known.
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ATP (ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE)
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nucleotide that supplies energy for reactions Immediate energy for cells.
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CARBOHYDRATE
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energy source in living things. compunds that store sugars (energy). Simple & Complex
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CELLULOSE
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most abundant carb but you can't digest it
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DENATURED
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when protein loses its natural shape and function. YOu denature it by heating or changing pH. This is unfolding the protein.
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ENZYME
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molecule that speeds a biochemical reactions. Can build things up or break them down.
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FAT
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Lipid. molecule that contains glycerol & fatty acids
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FATTY ACID
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molecule that contains a hydrocarbon chain- ends with acid
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GLUCOSE
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simple sugar C6H1206
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WHAT ELEMENTS ARE IN SUGARS
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C H20- carbond, hydrogen, oxygen
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3 CLASSES OF SUGARS
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monosaccharides- glucose
dissacharides- lactose polysacharides- starch |
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ALL SUGARS ARE CARBOHYDRATES
TRUE OR FALSE? |
TRUE
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LIPIDS
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Fats. Long term storage and tremendous amounts of energy. Don't mix with water, great way to store energy.
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UNSATURATED FATS HOLD LESS STORED ENERGY THAN SATURATED.
TRUE OR FALSE |
True. Unsaturated has double bonds between carbon and saturated lacks this.
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GLOBULAR MOLECULES
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Proteins that are solid and strong. important for structure and in stress (like hair, nails, cartilidge)
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PEPTIDE BOND
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holds amino acids together and forms proteins
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ANTIBODIES
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A protein. defend our bodies from disease
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WHERE IS ENERGY STORED?
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In bonds between atoms
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GLYCOGEN
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how glucose is stored in animals
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POLYPEPTIDE
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chain of amino acids (longer and unstable)
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STARCH
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storage polysaccharide found in plants
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TRIGLYCERIDE
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fats & oils
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COMPOUNDS
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are of tremendous biological importance, they promote healing, carry messages, store energy
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WHAT COMPOUNDS STORE ENERGY?
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Sugars C6 H12 )6 glucose
energy is stored in the bonds between the atoms |
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RELEASED ENERGY
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is given off in heat and measured in calories
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TYPES OF SUGARS
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Monosaccharides
Disaccharides Polysaccharides |
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TYPES OF MONOSACCHARIDES
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glucose (animal) fructose (fruit)
SHORT TERM |
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TYPES OF DISACCHARIDES
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Lactose & sucrose
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TYPES OF POLYSACCHARIDES
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Glycogen (animals) and cellulose (plants)
VERY LONG TERM |
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KITEN
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Crunchy parts of starchy polysaccharides on outide of bugs, crabs, lobsters
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ALL SUGARS ARE KNOWN AS?
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Carbohydrates
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Example of a SATURATED FAT
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solid fats like shortening
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Example of an UNSATURATED FAT
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liquid fats like olive oil
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PROTEIN
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Any of a group of complex organic macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur and are composed of one or more chains of amino acids.
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WHY ARE PROTEINS IMPORTANT?
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Proteins are fundamental components of all living cells and include many substances, such as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies, that are necessary for the proper functioning of an organism. They are essential in the diet of animals for the growth and repair of tissue.
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WHERE ARE PROTEINS FOUND?
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In structural components of anmals like muscles, hair, fingernails
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LIST 3 PROTEINS
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Hormones, antibodies, and enzymes
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HORMONES
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Proteins that carry messages in the body
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PEPTIDE
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short chain of amino acids
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STRUCTURE OF PROTEIN
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1) Primary- sequence of amino acids
2) Secondary- folding polypeptides into spirals 3) Tertiary- further folding, more complex 4) Quaternary- muliple polypeptides fit together |
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UNFOLDING A PROTEIN IS CALLED?
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Denaturing
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