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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions
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Sensory Input function
Integration Function Homeostaic Function Mental Activity Function Controls Muscles and Glands |
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Ganglion
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group of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
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Nuclei
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a group of neuron cell bodies in the central nervous system
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plexus
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a briadlike network of axons sometimes the bodies as well
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synapse
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junction from a terminal end of one neurone to a muscle, other neuron, or gland
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gray matter
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collection of neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons
brain-outside spinal cord-inside |
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white matter
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bundles of myelinated axons
brian-inside spinal cord-outside |
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spinal nerves
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31 pairs, exit spinal cord into plexuses, then go out into peripheral nervers.
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neuron
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individual nerve cells (transmit AP)
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Neuroglia
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supporting cells (do not transmit AP) more than neuron
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neuron structure
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body
dendrites axon axon hillock |
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Neuroglia
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CNS: astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes
PNS: schwann cells, and satellite cells |
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astrocytes
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blood brain barrier
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ependymal cells
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CSF
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Microglia
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phagocytose necrotic tissue and bacteria
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oligodendrocytes
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wrap around the axons in the CNS to form myelin sheath.
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Schwann Cells
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wrap around the axons in the PNS to form myelin sheath
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Satellite Cells
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wrap around the cell bodies in the ganglia to provide nutrients and support.
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Nodes of Ranvier
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the gaps between the myelinated axons.
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Axon hillock
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if it does not reach threshold by this point than a AP will not occur.
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nongated channels
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always open (ion specific)
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Gated channels
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open and close in response to stimuli
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ligand gated
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open with a ligand is bound
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Voltage gated
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open and close due to voltage changes across the membrane. `
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unipolar
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no dendrites and an axon
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bipolar
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one dendrite and an axon
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multipolar
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many dendrites and an axon
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depolarization
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due to voltage gated Na+ or Ca++ channels oppening
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Repolarization
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when the cell is returning to its normal resting membrane potential.
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Hyperpolarization
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would be to make the restin potential more nekgative. movement of moostly K+ ions.
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local potentials
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can summate to reach threshold
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subthreshold
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stimulus with no AP, just local potential
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threshold
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produces aa single AP that can travel down the axon.
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Maximum stimulus
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produces AP;s as close as possible together traveling down axon.
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Supramximal stimulus
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AP's cannot get any closer together have hax. frequency. AP's can not get closer together due to absolute refractory period.
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refractory period
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the membrane is unable to respond to further stimulation.
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relative refractory period
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when the action potential is more positively charged during repolarization. because more cells are stimulated.
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electrical synapses
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gap junctions, AP's pass directly from membrane to membrane. connected by tubular proteinds called connexons. (cardiac and smooth muscle)
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chemical synapses
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Presynaptic terminal, synaptic cleft, postsynaptic membrane. neurotransmitters, and legand gated channels.
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EPSP
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Excitatory postsynaptic potential. Depolarization(excitation) ion channels Na+ and Ca++
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IPSP
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Inhibatory postsynaptic potential. Hyperpolarization (inhibition). invrease in permiablility of K+ and Cl-
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axoaxonic
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when another axon synapses onto the other axon that is delivering a stimulus to control how much stimulant that is being delivered.
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presynaptic inhibition.
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decrease the amount of neurotransmitters being delivdered.
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presynaptic facilitation
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increase in the amount of neurotransmitters being delivered.
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neuron pathways of CNS
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convergent, divergent, oscillating circuits.
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convergent pathways
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due to no time to relax.
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divergent
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few synapse onto many
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oscillating circuits
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axon of neuron reaches back to cause more AP's effect is to prolong stimulus.
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