Child Development

Front 1

Attachment

Back 1

The strong affectionate tie that humans have with special people in their lives, which leads them to feel pleasure when interacting with those people and to be comforted by their nearness in times of stress.

Front 2

Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt

Back 2

is resolved favorably when parents provide young children with suitable guidance and reasonable choices.

Front 3

Basic trust versus Mistrust

Back 3

is resolved on the positively when the balance of care is sympathetic and loving.

Front 4

Avoidant Attachment

Back 4

are usually not distressed by parental separation, and avoid or are slow to greet the parents when she returns

Front 5

Basic Emotions

Back 5

emotions such as happiness, interest, surprise, fear, anger, sadness, and disgust that are universal in humans and other primates and have a long evolutionary history of promoting survival.

Front 6

Delay of Gratification

Back 6

the ability to wait for an appropriate time and place to engages in a tempting act.

Front 7

Difficult child

Back 7

a child whose temperament is characterized by irregular daily routines, slow acceptance of new experiences, and a tendency to react negatively and intensely.

Front 8

Easy child

Back 8

a child whose temperament is characterized by establishment of regular routines in infancy, general cheerfulness, and easy adaptation to new experiences.

Front 9

Emotion help regulation

Back 9

strategies for adjusting our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity so we can accomplish our goals.

Front 10

ethological theory of attachment

Back 10

Bowlby's theory the most widely accepted view of attachment which regards the infants emotional tie to the caregiver as an evolved response that promotes survival.

Front 11

goodness-of-fit-model

Back 11

a model that describes how favorable adjustments depends on an effective match, or good fit, between a child's temperament and the child-rearing environment.

Front 12

Interactional synchrony

Back 12

a form of communication in which the caregiver responds to infant signals in a well-timed, rhythmic, appropriate fashion and both partners match emotional states, especially positive ones.

Front 13

resistant attachment

Back 13

seek closeness to the parent before her departure, are usually distressed when she leaves, and combine clinginess with angry, resistive behavior when she returns.

Front 14

secure attachment

Back 14

who use parents as a secure base from which to explore and may be distressed by parental separation but actively seek contact and are easily comforted by the parents when she returns.

Front 15

sensitive caregiving

Back 15

caregiving that involves responding promptly, consistently, and appropriately to infants and holding them tenderly and carefully.

Front 16

separation anxiety

Back 16

an infant's distressed reaction to the departure of the familiar caregiver.

Front 17

slow to warm up child

Back 17

a child whose temperament is characterized by the inactivity; mild, low key reactions to environmental stimuli; negative mood; and slow adjustment to new experiences.

Front 18

social referencing

Back 18

actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation.

Front 19

social smile

Back 19

the infants broad grin evoked by the parent's communication first appearing between 6 and 10 weeks of age.

Front 20

stranger anxiety

Back 20

the infants expression of fear in response to unfamiliar adults which appears in many babies in the second half of the first year.

Front 21

strange situation

Back 21

a laboratory procedure used to assess the quality of attachment between 1 and 2 years of age by observing the baby's responses to eight short episodes involving brief separations from and reunions with the caregiver in an unfamiliar playroom.

Front 22

temparment

Back 22

early-appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity (quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity) and self-regulation (strategies that modify reactivity)