Bio 101

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Subduction zones

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the forward edge of a moving plate that sinks into the mantle and is destroyed.

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sympatric speciation

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origin of a new speciation in in populations that overlap geographically

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plate tectonics

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concept that the Earth's crust is divided into a number of rigid plates whose movements account for continental drift.

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vestigial structures

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remains of a structure that was functional in come ancestor but is no longer functional in the organism in question

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arboreal

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living in trees

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stereoscopic

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three dimensional vision

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endothermic

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maintenance of a constant boy temperature independant of the enviromental temperature

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ectothermic

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having a body temperature that varies according to the enviromental termperature.

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adaptive radiation

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evolution of several species from a common ancestor into ecological or geographical zones.

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allopatric speciation

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origin of new species between populations that are separted geographically

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assortative mating

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occurs when individuals tend to mate with those that have the same phenotype with respect to characteristics

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prosimians

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group of primates that includes lemures, and tarsiers and may resemble the 1st primates to have evolved.

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bottleneck effect

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the cause of genetric drift occurs when a majority of genotypes are prevented from participation in the prodution of the next generation ex: natural disaster or human interference

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Carboniferous period

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age of great coal forming forests, club mosses. Horsetails flourish. This is the age of the amphibians and the 1st reptiles

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chromosome mutation

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alteration in the chromosome structure or number typical of the species

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cytochrome c

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is a protein that is found in all aerobic organisms so its sequence has been determined for a number of different organisms.

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Curvier

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zoologist 1st to use comparative anatomy to develop a system of classifying animals

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Founder effect

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cause of genetic drift due to the conolization by a limited number of individuals who have different gene frequencies than the parent population

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gene mutation

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altered gene whose sequence of bases differ from the previous sequence

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genetic drift

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evolution due to the random change in the allelic frequencies of a population more likely to occur in small populations or when only a few individuals of a large population reproduce.

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gestation

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periodof time from conception to birth

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scala naturae

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a sequential ladder of life. Simplest and most material on the lowest rung of ladder. Most complex spiritual being is on the highest rung. Linnaeous believed human beings occupird the lowest rung of the ladder.

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homologuus structures

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in evolution a structure that is similar in differnet types of organisms because these organisms are derived from a common ancestor

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relative dating

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determining the age of fossils by noting their sequential relationships in strata.

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agnathans-vertebraes

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lack jaws

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tetrapods

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four footed vertebrase. Includes amphibians, birds, reptiles and mammals

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Lamarck

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st biologist to believe evolution does occur and to link diversity with adaptation to the environment

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Mssozoic era

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during this era flowering plants,Conifers and cycads dominate. Placental mammal , modern insect groups,1st dinosaur and 1st mammal appear. Corals and molluscs dominate the sea. Dinosaur flourish and birds appear during this time.

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microevolution

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accumulation of small changes in gene pool over a relatively short period of two or more generations.

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Natural selection

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mechanism of evolution caused by enviromental selection of organisms most fit to reproduce:results in adaptation of the enviroment.

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neogene period

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modern humans appear and herbaceous plants spread and diversify.

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nocturnal

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awake at night, most activity at night.

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temporal isolation

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two species can live in the same locale, but if each reproduces at a different time of year, they do not attempt to mate.

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ordovician period

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non vascular plants are abundant. Marine algae flourish.Invertebrates spread and diversify; jawless fish appear.

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speciation

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origin of new species due to the evolutionary process of descent with modification

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anthropoids

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group of primates that includes monkeys, apes and humans

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protocell

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in biological evolution, a possible cell forerunner that became a cell once it acquired genes

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stabilizing selection

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outcome of natural selection in which extreme phenotypes are eliminated and the average phenotype is conserved.

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Linneaus

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invented the binomial system