Bio 100 - Unit 4

Front 1

6 Theories of Evolution

Back 1

1) Evolution is the change of allele frequencies in the gene pool of a populaton over many generations

2) Species and their gene pools are isolated from one another and the gene pool of each species is held together by gene flow

3) An individual has only a portion of a pool, which came from 2 different parents, and the portions are different in each individual.

4) The alleles the individual receives are subject to chromosomal or gene mutations and recombinations.

5) Natural selection will favor some individuals, who will then contribute to a larger portion of their gene combinations to the gene pool of the next generation.

6) Changes of allele frequencies come about primarily by natural selection, but migration, gene flow, and chromosomal variations are contributing factors.

Front 2

Microevolution

Back 2

- mutations ~ changes in DNA sequence
- selection ~ natural: advantegeous traits, common in offspring
artificial: farmer breeding/manipulation
- gene flow - migration--movement of genes from one population to another (pollen)
- Genetic Drift - "luck" genetics passed on

Front 3

Darwinian Theory

Back 3

- Natural Selection: beneficial mutations are preserved and passd on to the next generation bc they aid survival. Accumulate over time and can result in a completely different organism

- Descent with Modification: complex creatures evolve from simple ancestors over time

Front 4

phylogenetic trees

Back 4

depict hypothesis about the evolutionary history of species and reflect the hierarchal class of groups nested within more groups

Front 5

Archaea

Back 5

- prokaryote
- distinct biochem and RNA
- can live in extreme environments

Front 6

Bacteria

Back 6

- prokaryote
- contain unique lipids in their membranes
- most pathogenic prokaryotes fall into this domain
- very well studied

Front 7

Eukarya

Back 7

- eukaryote
- broken down into 4 Kingdoms:
1) Animalia
2) Plantae
3) Fungi
4) Protista

Front 8

Chordate Characteristics

Back 8

a) dorsal, nerve cord - spinal cord
b) notocord - backbone
c) pharyngeal slits - gills or lungs
d) post anal tail

Front 9

Lamarck

Back 9

life is not fixed. Organisms change their bahviors according to the environments around them.

Front 10

speciation

Back 10

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

Front 11

Binomial nomenclature

Back 11

consists of the genus and unique name for the species
[1st name capitalized, 2nd lowercase, all italics.]

Front 12

systematics

Back 12

classifying organisms and determining the evolutionary relationship

Front 13

taxonomy

Back 13

identification, naming, and classifying a species

Front 14

amniotes

Back 14

produce amniotic eggs which are fluid-filled, have waterproof shells .