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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cellular respiration
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sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy (ADP → ATP)
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Carbon cycle
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The combined processes, including photosynthesis, decomposition, and respiration, by which carbon, as a component of various compounds, cycles between its major reservoirs
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Glycolysis
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The process in cell metabolism by which carbohydrates and sugars, especially glucose, are broken down, producing ATP and pyruvic acid. |
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Citric acid cycle
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a cycle of enzyme-catalyzed reactions... by which carbon dioxide is produced, oxygen is reduced, and ATP is formed. The Kreb's Cycle |
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Electron transport system
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occurs on the membranes of the cristae of the mitochondrion |
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Fermentation
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another form of cellular respiration that many organisms use when there is a shortage of oxygen. |
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Aerobic
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requires the input of oxygen |
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Oxidation
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the process of adding oxygen atoms to a large molecule while breaking it into smaller pieces. |
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Reduction
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the process of adding hydrogen atoms to a molecule.
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Mitochondrion/mitochondria
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The last three of the four stages of cellular respiration occur within this cell organelle |
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Crista/Cristae
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The narrow folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion |
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Matrix
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The region inside the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
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Inter-membrane space
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The space between the inner and outer membranes |
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Glucose
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a very common sugar molecule |
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Anaerobic
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does not require oxygen |
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Pyruvate
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3-carbon molecules made by glycolysis |
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Decarboxylation
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Transition reaction, 3-carbon pyruvate molecules are changed to form 2-carbon acetyl molecules, occurs in the mitochondrion |
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Acetyl
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2-carbon molecule made through the transition reaction. |
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Coenzyme A
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2-carbon acetyl molecules are bonded with this coenzyme. |
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Acetyl-CoA
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Formed from Acetyl and Coenzyme A |
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Kreb’s cycle
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A cycle of enzyme-catalyzed reactions... by which carbon dioxide is produced, oxygen is reduced, and ATP is formed. Citric acid cycle |
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Oxaloacetate
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4-carbon molecules in the citric acid cycle |
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Citrate
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6-carbon molecule formed in the citric acid cycle. Formed from acetyl-CoA and Oxaloacetate molecules |
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ATP synthase
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specific protein channels in the Electron Transport System |
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Lactate
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Formed by fermentation from pyruvate |
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Carbohydrate
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starch |
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Amino acids
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Proteins are made of subunits |
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Amino group
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Amino acids are characterized by having an [blank] in their molecular structure. |
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Deamination
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The amino group is removed from amino acids by a process called... |
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Urea
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urine |
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Beta-oxidation
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long hydrocarbon chains (Lipids, Oils, and Fatty Acids) are broken apart into smaller subunits by the addition of oxygen atoms.
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