Bio 100

Front 1

Derived Trait

Back 1

any trait was not possessed by a recent common ancestor by is now possessed by a group

Front 2

Convergent Trait

Back 2

any trait has evolved (been derived) separately in unrelated groups

Front 3

Chemo

Back 3

Get enery by breaking things down

Front 4

Photo

Back 4

Sun provides energy

Front 5

Autotroph

Back 5

Gets carbon from carbon dioxide

Front 6

Heterotroph

Back 6

Takes or steals carbon from others, through eating or other means,

Front 7

Covalent Bonds

Back 7

Linking atoms due to sharing electrons to form molecules. Very strong,

Front 8

Ionic Bonds

Back 8

Also known as a noncovalent bond. An atom loses an electron, the electron is NOT shared, it is lost. much weaker.

Front 9

Hydrogen Bonds

Back 9

Important to life, allows water to flow, allows blod to flow through veins, allows water to flow from roots up to rest of the plant.

Front 10

Isotopes

Back 10

When an atom has more neutrons than protons. Example is carbon 14

Front 11

Hydrophilic

Back 11

Water loving. Part of creating the cell membrane using Phospolipids. The heads are "hydrophilic."

Front 12

Hydrophobic

Back 12

Fears or hates water. Part of creating the cell membrane using Phospolipids. The tails are "hydrophobic."

Front 13

Gymnosperms

Back 13

Naked seend, no ovary, use pollen to reproduce

Front 14

Angiosperm

Back 14

Protected seeds, use bugs to spread their seed; tricks them. Have ovaries, also use fruit to spread seeds. Typically includes leaf and flower characteristics

Front 15

Prokaryotes

Back 15

Single celled; primitive, has a cell wall and cell membrane but have no organelles. Ex: no Nucleus that encloses DNA; they have a nucleiod.

Front 16

Eukaryotes

Back 16

single or multicelled; has a cell wall/membrane. also has organelles with enclosed DNA.

Front 17

Prokaryotes Consist of

Back 17

Archaea and Bacteria

Front 18

Eukaryotes consist of

Back 18

Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia

Front 19

Protista

Back 19

Primarily single-celled, very diverse, many are sexually reproducing. Ex: Amoeba, diaton, algae, kelp.

Front 20

Plantae

Back 20

Multi-cellular, evluationary trend mainly improved reproductions and energy gathering abilities, they have cellulose, cuticle, a vascular system, and are photosynthetic.

Front 21

Cellulose

Back 21

Part of the cell wall, Rigid and hard, it enables the plant to stand tall or stand-up straight.

Front 22

Cuticle

Back 22

Waxy covering on leaves that keeps plants from shedding water and to keep water in.

Front 23

Vascular System

Back 23

Distributes water and other natrients all around the plant.

Front 24

The Beginning

Back 24

Descendants of simple algaea invaded land about 430 million yars ago.

Front 25

Haploid

Back 25

Gametophyte (1 set of chromosomes)

Front 26

Diploid

Back 26

Sporophyte (2 sets of chromosomes)

Front 27

Byrophytes

Back 27

Nonvascular, restricted in size and area du eto small vascular system, haploid gametophyte is the dominate stage. Ex: Mosses, liverworts, hornworts.

Front 28

Lycophytes

Back 28

Seedless vascular plants, includes ferns. 97% of these plants live in the tropics.

Front 29

Gymnosperms

Back 29

Plants with naked seeds; use pollen, they lack ovaries Ex: Conifers, cycads, gnetophytes and ginkos

Front 30

Monocot (angiosperms)

Back 30

Grass, orchids and palms

Front 31

Dicots (angiosperms)

Back 31

Sunflowers, peas, and apples.

Front 32

Amino Acids

Back 32

Monomers that make up proteins, which are critical to life; they all have the same general structure.

Front 33

Monomers

Back 33

Small organic molecules

Front 34

Polymers

Back 34

lots of monomers together

Front 35

Carbohydrates

Back 35

Sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose, but also include cellulose and starch.

Front 36

Nucleotides

Back 36

The basis of heredity in living organisms, a monomer with three components:Sugar(hexagon), Nitrogenous group(square) , and phosphate group. (circle)

Front 37

Golgi Apparatus

Back 37

Directs the movements of molecules in the cell.

Front 38

Lysosomes

Back 38

Breaks down micromoluecules (recycling center)

Front 39

Ribosomes

Back 39

Creates new proteins associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum

Front 40

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 40

Makes proteins, associated with Ribosomes

Front 41

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 41

creates lipids.

Front 42

Mitochondria

Back 42

Breaks down sugars to create ATP or energy. Uses an aeorbic process. (uses oxygen)

Front 43

Vesicles

Back 43

Store and move molecules

Front 44

Cell membrane

Back 44

comprised of phospholipid layers

Front 45

Capsule

Back 45

protective layer on some bacteria

Front 46

Nucleus or Nucleoid

Back 46

DNA is stored here.

Nucleus - Eukaryotes
Nucleoid - Prokaryotes

Front 47

Vacuoles

Back 47

filled with water. (plants)

Front 48

Chloroplasts

Back 48

Capture energy from the sun using photosynthesis (plants.)

Front 49

Cell wall

Back 49

Made up of Polysaccharides (plants)

Front 50

Cilia

Back 50

Hair-like structures tha twork like oars moving back and forth.

Front 51

Eukarya Flagella

Back 51

Tail that works in a wave motion

Front 52

Prokarya Flagella

Back 52

Tail that rotates like a propeller to the move the cell.

Front 53

Ways of Classifying life

Back 53

1. Are composed of cells
2. Reproduce using DNA
3. Grow and develop
4.Actively take in energy from their environment
5. sensetheir environment and repsond to it
6. maintain constant internal conditions.
7. can evolve

Front 54

Animalia

Back 54

Multi-cellular, have tissues oragns and systems. Segmantation and bi-laterally symmetrical. Have a backbone.

Front 55

Fungi

Back 55

Multi-cellular, an extensive system of Hypa which take on together to form the Mycelium.