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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Evidence that support the theory of evolution. |
Anatomy, molecular biology, embryology, biogeography, biochemistry. |
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What are transitional fossils? |
Those showing intermediate anatomy between earlier and later fossils. |
Characteristics from reptile to bird. |
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What is homology ? Examples of the homologous structures. |
Similarities in structures due to common ancestry. Ex: four limbs of human, dog, bird, whale. |
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Homology is evidence of? |
A common ancestor |
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What are vestigial structures? Examples of the vestigial structures. |
Vestigial structures are evolutionary baggage. Ex: pelvis in whales and snakes. |
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How does embryology support evolution? |
Early stages of development in different animal species reveal additional homologous relationships. |
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Embryology |
Evidence of common ancestry |
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How does molecular biology support evolution? |
DNA structure, amino acid sequence are similar in different animals. |
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How can plate tectonics contribute to evolution? |
When plates separate they divide plants and animals. |
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How do direct observations support evolution? |
Pesticide resistant insects or antibiotic resistant bacteria. |
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How does DNA structure support evolution? |
If two organisms are closely related they would have very similar DNA. |
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Who wrote on the origin of species by means of natural selection? |
Charles Darwin |
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Who presented the idea of natural selection in 1858? |
Charles Darwin, Alfred Wallace |
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Who suggested that giraffes developed their long necks over time by stretching? |
Jean Baptiste Lamarck |
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Define Natural Selection |
A process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than others. |
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What does the theory of natural selection state? |
Individuals that are better adapted will survive and reproduce and their traits will be more common in a population. |
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What is gene pool? |
The total number of alleles of every individual in a population. |
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What is evolution? |
Changes in population allele frequencies over time. |
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What does Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium mean? |
The population gene pool is constant over time or non-evolving. |
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What are the characteristics of a population in an equilibrium? |
Allele frequencies do not change. |
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What factors can lead to evolution? |
Small population, sexual selection, mutations, gene flow, natural selection. |
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What is genetic drift? |
A change in the gene pool of a small population due to chance. |
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What are the characteristics of a population after surviving a bottleneck effect? |
Reduced capacity to adapt to environmental challenges and loss of genetic diversity. |
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What is founder effect? |
Isolation of a small group from a larger population. |
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What is gene flow? |
Genetic exchange with another population through emigration and immigration. |
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What is directional selection? Give some examples. |
When one extreme trait is selected over another. Ex: Turkeys large breast muscles, antibiotic resistant bacteria. |
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What is stabilizing selection? Give some examples. |
It favors the intermediate variance. Ex: Babies birth weight. |
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What is sexual selection? Give some examples. |
Is a form of natural selection in which individuals with certain traits are more likely to obtain a mate. Ex: peacocks choose a mate by their tail feather display. |
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What is the original source of genetic variation? |
Natural Selection |
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Define Species |
Group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring. |
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The biological species concept cannot be applied to _______.? |
Bacteria |
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Why are miles sterile? |
Because miles have one chromosome that is not paired. |
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What is allopatric speciation? Give examples. |
Speciation due to geographic isolation. Ex: squirrels divided by the Grand Canyon can no longer interbreed. |
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What is a prezygotic barrier? |
No interbreeding |
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What is a postzygotic barrier? |
Species mate but do not produce viable or fertile offspring. |
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