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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Theory
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-organisms are composed of one or more cells
-cell is the basic unit structure and organization in organisms -all cells come from preexisting cells |
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Prokaryotic cells are...
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bacterias and cyanobacteria ( no true nucleus)
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Eukaryotic cells are..
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plant and animals cells (true nucleus)
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3 reasons why cells divide.
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1. to reproduce (cells need half of DNA)
2. for growth (limit to how big) 3. to repair (replaces old and injured cells) |
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interphase
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*nucleus is visible
*DNA is in chromatin *DNA replicates |
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prophase
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*chromosomes are forming
*nuclear membrane disappears *centrioles move to one side of the cell |
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metaphase
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*chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
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anaphase
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*spindle fibers contract and pull
*chromatids apart to opposite ends of the cell |
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telophase
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*cell membrane pinches off (OR cell wall is reformed)
*nucleus reforms *chromosomes uncoil and become chromatin |
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cytokinesis
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formation of 2 daughter cells, equal in division of cytoplasm and organelles
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cytoplasm
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gel-like substance, helps to contain all organelles
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cell membrane
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separates the inside form the outside, and controls what comes in and what leaves
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nucleus
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regulates all cell activity, contains DNA
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mitochondria
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produces the energy
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endoplasmic reticulum
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transports the protein and horomones
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ribosomes
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makes protein
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golgi bodies
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collects and processes materials to be removed from the cell
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vacuoles (animal)
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single layer of membrane enclosing fluid in a sac
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central vacuole (plant)
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filled with water to keep firm
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cell wall (plant)
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just outside of the cell membrane, its rigid and provides support
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chloroplast (plant)
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gives colour to leaves, absorbs light and contains chlorophyll
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uncontrolled division in cells cause...
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tumours
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tumours
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mass of cells
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mutations
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changes in the DNA, can alter cells response to division signals
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benign
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non-cancer
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malignant
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cancer
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metastasize
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spread of cells
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cell differentiation
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process of a cell specializing
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stem cell
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a undifferentiated cell that can divide to form specialized cells
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hierarchy of cells
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1. organelles
2. cells 3.tissue 4. organs 5. organ systems |
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digestive system
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takes in food, digest it, absorbs nutrients, excretes solid waste
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mouth
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starts the digestive track by moistening the food
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esophagus
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carries and pushes food down into the stomach
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stomach
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holds and churns food to continue process
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intestines
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SMALL -creates nutrients and mucus to release into blood stream
LARGE- absorbs water, and makes solid waste |
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liver
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produces bile, and helps to breakdown fats
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gall blader
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stores the bile
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pancreas
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regulates blood sugar, and produces digestive enzymes
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components of the circulatory system
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heart (pump), blood and blood vessels
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respiratory system
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6 parts
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mouth or nose
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gets air into body, nose hair helps to trap solid particles, mucus helps in the process
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trachea
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tube of cartilage, makes mucus and joins throat to lungs
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bronchi
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splits the trachea in 2 lungs
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bronchiole
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small branches in lungs
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alveoli
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pumps deoxygenated/oxygenated blood, connects the air and blood stream together
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diaphragm
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are muscles, expands and compresses the chest
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