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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Domains of Life
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Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes
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theory that eukaryotes evolved from smaller prokaryotic cells inside host cells
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endosymbiont theory
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formation of endoplasmic reticulum
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from inner cell's plasma membrane
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age of oldest eukaryotes
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1.8 billion years
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age of first chloroplasts
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1 billion years
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sequence comparison rRNA numbers
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uses 16S rRNA in prokaryotes and 18S rRNA in eukaryotes
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benefits of rRNA
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present in large amounts in all cells, easy to purify, and changes slowly over time
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rRNA sequencing
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T1 ribonuclease cuts up rRNA into oligonucleotides, and they are separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis
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similar features among all cells
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1. plasma membrane
2. genetic information 3. similar transcription and translation 4. metabolic pathways 5. ATP conservation 6. photosynthesis 7. creating and inserting membrane proteins 8. similar proteasomes |
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differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
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1. nuclear envelope
2. complex chromosomes that become mitotic structures 3. membranous organelles 4. specialized organelles for respiration and photosynthesis 5. cytoskeleton 6. complex flagella and cilia 7. phagocytosis 8. cellulose walls 9. cell division with mitotic spindles 10. diploidy 11. 3 RNA polymerases 12. sexual reproduction |
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cell theory
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1. made of cells
2. structural unit of life 3. arise from division of other cells |
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number of cells in human body vs bacteria
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10^13 vs 10^14
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number of different cells in human body vs bacteria types
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200 vs 500
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can form any blood cell
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pluripotent hematopoietic
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divergence of chimpanzees and humans
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5 MYA
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genes in chimp, human, or plant
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25,000
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genes in roundworm
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20,000
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genes in yeast
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6,000
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genes in bacteria
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3,200
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eukaryotic cell size
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5-100 micrometers
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prokaryotic cell size
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1 micrometer
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cytosol contains:
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1. ribosomes
2. cytoskeleton 3. glycolytic enzymes 4. metabolic enzymes 5. lipid droplets 6. glycogen granules for storing glucose 7. ions - 145 mM K+, 5mM Na+, 0.1 microM Ca+2, Mg+2 8. ATP and other triphosphates (GTP, CTP, UTP) 9. lots of other things |
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eubacteria have ____ walls
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peptidoglycan
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tumorous cells
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HeLa
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