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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Homeostasis |
The maintenance of a steady internal state |
Internal state |
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Internal environment |
The fluid medium that baths cells and tissues |
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The control of blood sugar 160mg glucose /100ml |
Further increase- detected by the pancreas- insulin transported to travel in blood stream to liver- |
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Insulin stimulates liver cells to |
Convert glucose to fat Respite more glucose Convert glucose to glycogen |
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The control of blood sugar 60mg/100ml |
Further decrease- detected by pancreas- secretes hormones glycogen- glycogen transported to liver in blood stream- |
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Glycogen stimulates liver cells to |
Glycogen converts to glucose Respire less glucose |
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Thermal regulation |
Control of body temperature |
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What is the major sense organ |
The skin - barrier preventing entry of pathogens |
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Why do we thermal regulate |
To optimize enzyme activity allowing us to colonize a wide range of environments |
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Excretion |
The removal of metabolic waste from an organism which is allowed to accumulate becomes toxic |
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Kidneys |
Situated in the abdominal cavity |
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Renal artery |
Transports oxygenated blood from the aorta to the kidney - glucose urea |
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Renal vein |
Transports de oxygenated blood from the kidney to the vena Cava - less urea less glucose |
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Ureter |
Transports urine water salts and hormones containing urea from the kidney to the bladder by peristalsis |
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The kidney nephron |
Proximal convoluted tubule Selective reabsorbtion occurs Solutes needed by the body are reabsorbed from glomerular filtrate to blood |
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Nervous control in humans eg The adinal glands secret the hormone adrenaline |
Heart rate increase and volume of blood pumped Blood supply to muscle and brain increases Blood diverted away from the alimentary canal such that peristalsis and digestion stops Pupils dilate Breathing rate and depth increases Blood is diverted away from skin Liver releases more glucose |
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How does the nervous system works |
By sending a electrical impulses along nerves |
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Liver deamination |
Label |
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Nerve impulses |
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Nerve impulse close up |
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Synapses |
Points of chemical connections between neurons When nerve impulses from synaptic neurons arrive at this points l Chemical processes occur which ensure that have nerve impulses continues past synaptic neuron These processes cannot occur in reverse - travel one direction |
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Synaptic knob |
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Synaptic knob |
-Nerve impulses arrives at the synapses -Nerve impulses stimulates synaptic vesicles to migrate to synaptic knob membrane and fuse with it -The migration is active and uses energy from respiration. The energy is provided by mitochondria - Neurotransmitters substance diffuses across the synaptic cleft to the other membrane -The neurotransmitter particles dock and bind to the receptor molecules on the membrane of the post synaptic neuron - This neurotransmitter/ receptor molecule complex stimulates the post synaptic neuron to generate nerve impulses. - Nerve impulses in propagated along the post synaptic neuron |
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The eye |
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The sclera |
Tough white outer coating Front part is clear and allows light to enter the eye Known as the cornea |
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Lens |
Transparent structure held in place by a ring of fibres called the suspensary ligament |
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Iris |
Its infront of the lens It contains our eye colour Controls how much light enters the pupil |
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Pupil |
The whole in the center of the iris Let's light into the rest of the eye |
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Choroid |
Contains many blood vessels Lies between the retina and sclera Forms the iris and the Ciliary body |
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Ciliary body |
Produces aqueous humour |
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Retina |
Consists of many thousands of cells that respond to light When light falls on these cells they send off nervous impulses Travel in the nerve fibres through optic nerve |
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Hormones |
A chemical substance produced by a gland and carried by the blood which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs |
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Drugs |
Any substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions in the body |
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Antibiotics |
Kills pathogens and bacteria or bacterial infections |
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Narcotics |
Heroin, morphine, and codeine- made from opium Acts as depressants |
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Heroin |
Pain reliever Produce short lived feelings of wellbeing and freedom from anxiety Dated pupils |
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Alcohol |
Depressant of the central nervous system |
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Tar |
Stimulates cells of the bronchioles to become cancerous |
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Nicotine |
Anaesthetisis cilia allowing mucus and pathogens to enter the alveoli causing emphysema |
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Carbon monoxide |
Combines with hemoglobin resulting in oxygen poor blood |
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