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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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intrahepatic bile ducts converge to form the ?
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right and left hepatic ducts
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the right and left hepatic ducts join to form the
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common hepatic duct
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the gallbladder neck tapers to form the
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cystic duct
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what two ducts join to form the common bile duct?
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cystic duct and common hepatic duct
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what two ducts join to form the ampulla of vater
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common bile duct and main pancreatic duct (duct of wirsung)
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because we cannot see the cystic duct on ultrasound, we use the term "______" to refer to extrahepatic ductal system
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common duct
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the portal triad consists of
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main portal vein, common hepatic duct and proper hepatic artery
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in the portal triad, Mickey's right ear is the?
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common hepatic duct
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in the portal triad, Mickeys left ear is the?
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proper hepatic artery
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a spiral fold which controls ile flow in the cystic duct
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valve of heister
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an abnormal sacculation (diverticulum) of the neck of the gallbladder
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hartmans pouch
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a fold between the body and the fundus (infundibulum) of the gallbladder
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phrygian cap
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fold between the body and neck (infundibulum) of the gallbladder
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junctional fold
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the CBD passes ____ to the first part of the duodenum and pancreatic head joining themain pancreatic duct (of wirsung) at the ampulla of vater
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posterior
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the ampulla of vater empitis through the duodenal papilla, controlled by the _____________
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sphincter of Oddi
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gallbladder wall thickness less than __ mm thick is considered normal
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3mm
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what is the most common cause of gallbladder wall thickening?
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cholecystitis
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what can cause gb wall thickening other than cholecystitis?
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hypoalbuminea
ascites hepatitis congestive heart failure pancreatitis |
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what are pre hepatic causes of juandice?
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Increased bilirubin production from hemolysis, ineffective erythropoiesis
absorption of large amounts of hemoglobin (internal bleeding) |
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what are hepatic causes of jaundice
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acute liver inflammation, chroninc liver disease
infiltrative liver disease, inflammation of bile ducts and genetic disorders |
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what are some genetic disorders that cause jaundice
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Gilbert's syndrome
Grigler-Najjar syndrome (decreased enzyme for conj) |
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what are the infiltrative liver diseases that will cause jaundice
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metastatic liver disease
hemochromatosis (incr iron absorption) Alpha 1 antitrypsisn deficiency Wilson's disease (incr copper absorption) |
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Name post hepatic cause of jaundice
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Obstruction of biliary tree (ANYTHING that blocks bile ducts)
Examples: choledocolithiasis Mirizzi Syndrome Cholangiocarcinoma Cholangitis Biliary Atresia Choledochal cyst Caroli's disease Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Gallbladder Carcinoma |
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What is a key symptom of biliary obstruction (other than jaundice)?
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pale stool and dark urine
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calcium bilirubinate granules and cholesterol crystals in GB
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sludge
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Sludge is associated with biliary stasis secondary to ?
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**PROLONGED FASTING
parenteral nutrition (intravenous feeding) hemolysis cystic duct obstruction cholecystitis |
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appears as non shadowing echogenic material in the GB which layers and shifts with patient position
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Sludge
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sludge balls aka
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tumefactive sludge
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what are gallstones composed of?
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cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, calcium carbonate
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what is the sonographic criteria of cholelithiasis
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mobile
strongly echogenic acoustic shadowing |
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cystic duct obstruction may result in?
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acute cholecystitis
Empyema GB perforation pericholecystic abscess Bile peritonitis |
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Wes sign or double arc sign would be seen when?
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a gallbladder full of stones
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