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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where are bile salts reabsorbed
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95% are reabsorbed in ileum
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what is biliary atresia
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absence or destruction of all or part of the extrahepatic biliary tree
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what is the #1 cause of death from liver disease in early childhood
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biliary atresia
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what is 95% of biliary disease
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cholelithiasis (gallstones)
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what are the types of gallstones
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cholesterol and pigment
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what are the risk factors for cholesterol stones
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female, forty, fat, fertile
-estrogen and obesity ethnic and genetic factors drugs |
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what are the risk factors for pigment stones
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hemolytic syndromes, severe ileal dysfunction, bacterial contamination of biliary tree
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what is pathogenesis of pigment stones
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increase in unconjugated bilirubin in biliary circulation
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what is most common complication of gallstones
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cholecystitis is most common
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when do you see acute acalculous cholecystitis
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severly ill patients
postop state, severe trauma, multisystem organ failure, severe burn |
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most gallbladder carcinomas are what type of tumor
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adenocarcinomas
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when is peak time of infection with acute hep
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last days of incubation/first days of symptoms
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what is increased in the icteric phase of hep
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increased LFTs (AST, ALT)
increased conjugated bilirubin |
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what are the LFTs for hepatocellular injury
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AST/ALT
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what are the LFTs for biliary injury
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alkaline phosphatase
GGT |
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what type of inflammation is seen in acute hep
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predominantly lobular inflammation
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what is #1 cause of chronic hep
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viral hep HBV/HCV
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what type of inflammation is seen in chronic inflammation
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primarily portal hypertension
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how is HAV transmitted
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close personal contact
contaminated food, water blood exposures |
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what is an example of close personal contact transmission
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household contact, sex contact, child day care centers
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what is an example of contaminated food and water transmission
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infected food handlers
raw shellfish |
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what are some examples of blood exposure transmission
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injecting drug use, transfusion
blood donors not even screened |
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what markers do you see in early acute hep infection
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IgM anti-HBc, HbsAg, HbeAg
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what markers do you see in the acute infection window
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Igm anti-HBc
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what markers do you see in acute infection in recovery
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IgG anti-HBc, Anti-HBsAg
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what markers do you see in active chronic infection
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IgG anti-HBc, HbsAg, HbeAg
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what markers do you see in immunized patient
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Anti-HBsAg
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what are the features of a HCV infection
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acute illness, acute mortality, chronic infection, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic mortality, diagnosis
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what percent of patients with HCV have chronic infection
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80%
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what percent of patients with chronic HCV get cirrhosis
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20%
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what percent with chronic HCV get hepatocellular carcinoma
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0-3%/yr w/cirrhosis
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what is HDV dependent on
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HBV for mutiplication in acute simultaneous coinfection and superinfection of a chronic HBV carrier
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Which route of infection of HDV will usually lead to chronic Hep
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superinfection
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HEV can cause what
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fulminant hep
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what percent of pregnant women with HEV will dvlp fulminant Hep
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20%
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what is most important pathogen in transplant patients
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CMV
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hep caused by CMV is more common with whom
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with immunocompromised patients
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which heps are transmitted fecal oral
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HAV and HEV
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which heps are transmitted paraternal
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HBV, HCV, HDV
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which heps can cause a chronic infection
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B, C, D
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which heps have hepatocellular carcinoma risks
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B and C
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