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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the general structure of DNA?
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Double helix
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What did Chargaff discover and why was this important?
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Ratio of bases: amount A=T G=C
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What was the major contribution of Rosalind Franklin?
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X-ray crystallography expert who generated key data for solving the structure of DNA
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How did solving the structure of DNA immediately suggest (1) how genetic information is copied every time a cell divides and (2) how genetic information in DNA is stored?
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1. The two strands separate and each strand is used as a template for the synthesis of a new strand…DNA polymerase is the enzyme (protein) that carries out DNA replication.
2. As a sequence of bases (AGGCATTCGCAATT…) |
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What was the major conclusion from the “Gurdon” experiment?
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Every cell in an organism contains all the genetic information to make a complete individual.
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The “central dogma” of molecular biology says that “DNA makes RNA makes protein”. What exactly does this mean?
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• DNA (transcription) → RNA (translation) → Protein
• One gene is copies into RNA (T=U) → RNA transported to cytoplasm → translation → protein which codes for AA |
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What happens during “transcription”?
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In the nucleus a single DNA strand (base sequence) is copied into RNA (T=U)
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What is the difference between RNA and DNA? (hint: what are the structural differences between RNA and DNA, where is RNA made? where does RNA function?).
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Properties of DNA
• Double stranded • Deoxyribonucleic acid • Bases: A, G, C, T Properties of RNA • Single stranded • Ribonucleic acid •Bases: A, G, C, U (uracil) |
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What happens during “translation” and where in the cell does it occur?
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In the cytoplasm, the RNA (copy of DNA gene) cods for amino acids which make proteins
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During translation, is the genetic code read one, two, or three bases at a time and why?
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3, because 64 posible combos even though only 20 are needed (1 and 2 are too few)
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Genes can generally be described as having two distinct parts. What are they?
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• Coding region
↪ Codes for AA • Regulatory region ↪ Genes turned on/off (only where needed) |
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Why is the sequence of amino acids that makes up a protein important?
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Determines the shape of the protein because of the order of the amino acid from beginning to end (determines how it folds).
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Where is the “code” that determines the sequence of amino acids that makes up a protein?
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In RNA, read three bases at a time.
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What is a mutation? How can it cause a protein to lose its normal function?
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• Different than normal and the mutant characteristic is passed on to the next generation.
• A change in the base sequence in DNA that results in a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein → changes shape → changes function |
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What is meant by the statement “the genetic code is universal”?
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a series of bases code for same amino acid in all organisms.
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What is Gregor Mendel best known for?
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• The father (founder) of genetics.
• Genes for principles of inheritance. |
