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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is IgG commonly found
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It is found in the Anitibodies and Bloodstream
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What role does FSH and LH play in the female reproductive system.
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FSH stimulates the folicle
LH Produces Estrogen and matures the Folicle |
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What is the Germ Line theory?
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The immune system is inherited from your parents
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Where is the IgD commonly found?
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It is found in the B-cells
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What is the function of the Seroli Cell?
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it Protects and nurishes the sperm
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Define Sarcoma
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A cancer which effects the dense tissurefibers (ie bone, muscles, and connective tissues).
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What is the Cell that protects and nurishes the sperm?
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The Sertoli Cell
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What are the three types of sexual reproduction?
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Ovipariety; Viviparity; Ovoviviparity
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Where do the Sperm learn to swim?
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Epididymus
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What are the four types of Asexual reproduction?
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Fission, Budding, Fragmentation, Parthenogenesis
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What is the pathways of developement for the Ovum?
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Primortial germ cell
Matures into a oogonium undergoes Mitosis Primary Oocyte undergoes Meiosis I Secondary Oocyte & 1st PolarBody undergoes Meiosis II Ovum & Secondary PolarBody |
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What are the parts of the Innate Immune system's first line of defense?
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1) Skin (epithelia) ~ physical barrier
2) Saliva and tears ~ they contain lysosomes which eat foriegn matter 3) Somach Acidity |
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What are the three ways of treating cancer?
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1)Cut it out surgically
2)Kill it with radiation 3)Kill it with chemicals |
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What is the type of cancer which effects the blood cells?
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Leukemia
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What are the causes of Cancer?
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Viruses; X-rays; UV radiation; Mutation
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What is the Somatic Theory?
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That immunity is develope in a part of your body.
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What is the second line of defense in the innate immune system?
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Endocytosis with the use of Phagocytes (more specifically Macrophages)
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What secretes histamines?
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Basophylls and Mast Cells
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What are the two types of tumors and what do they mean?
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Benign = noninvasive
Malignant = invasive/metastasis/moves |
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Define Pyrogenes
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Part of the inflammitory response, they provide a fever response.
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What is the definition of cancer?
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When cells break the rules of production and growth
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Define Endocrine glands
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Ductless glands that secrete directly into the blood.
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Where is the IgM found?
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Antibodies and the blood stream
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The ant. portion of the pituitary gland scretes two types of hormones. What are they?
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Tropic Hormones which control other glands Non Tropic Hormones which which act directly on the cells. |
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Where is IgA commonly found?
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Protecing the epithelial structures
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Define Exocrine glands
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Ducted glands that go to the outside of the body
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What are the components of Lymphocytes
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There are B-cells and T-Cells
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What provides the sperm with testosterone?
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The Leydig Cells
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How does the sperm break throught the egg?
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It uses the acrosome at the tip of the sperm.
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What is special about the pituitary gland?
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It has two parts. Anterior and Posterior
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Define Carcinoma
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The cancer of the epithelia cells (ie skin cells; inner organs; and glands)
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What is structure of the antibody comprised of?
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It contains two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. Both have a variable part and a constant part.
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The Adrenal Gland produces wha two properties?
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Epinephrine which causes flight or fight reaction
Cortico Steroids. |
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What is the name of the cancer which effects the dense tissure fibers?
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Sarcoma
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What are the five hallmarks of Cancer?
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T - Tissue invasion/metastasis
A - Avoidance of Apoptosis I - Independance of Cell Regulation L - Limitless replication potential S - Sustained Angiogenesis |
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Define Leukemia
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The Cancer of the blood
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What were the examples given of non-tropic hormones?
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Growth hormones
Enkephlans Endorphines |
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Define a Spermatogonia
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It is what the primortial germ cell matures into.
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Define the Oviparity
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Egglaying
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Define Lymphoma
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The caner which effects the lymphatic system
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What are the two components of the adaptive/cell mediated immune response?
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Lymphocytes and Antigens
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What are the five classes of Immunogloblins?
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IgM, IgE, IgG, IgA, IgD
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Define Autocrine
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A self activating duct.
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Define Cytokines
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Part of the inflammitory response, they send out beacons for phagocytes
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How many copies of the mutated gene do you need to have a tumor in Tumor Suppresors, and why?
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You need two because this is the loss of function of cell death.
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Define palpatation
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Touch
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What are some strategies adopted by viruses.
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Drift and shift = move and mutated
Latency = lay dormant until host has lowered immunity. |
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Tumors are said to be clonal. What does that mean?
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The mass of cells all came from one single cell being replicated/ Cloned
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Tumors are said to be heterogenous. What does that mean?
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they are mutated in many ways
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What is the name of the cancer which effects the lymphatic system?
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Lymphoma
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define an epitope
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An epitope is the finger print of a cell upon which T-Cells inspect each cell.
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What is the difference between MHCI and MHCII?
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MHCI is found in all cells, uses the CD8 co-receptor, and flags down cytotoxins (T killer cells)
MHCII is found in B-cells and Macrophages, uses the CD4 co-receptor, and uses T helper cells which allows Antibodies to be made. |
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What is the third line of defense in the innate immune system
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Inflammitory
1) Cytokines send out beacons for Phagocytes 2) Pyrogenes provide a fever response 3) Histomines Increasing blood flow and # of phagocytes |
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What component of a sperm provides the energy to swim?
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The mitochondria at the base of the tail
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Where is the IgE commonly found?
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The GI tract and the airways.
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When the Follicle burst what does it release?
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The Secondary Oocyte
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What is the pathway of spermatogenesis?
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Primortial Germs Cell
matures to a SPERMATOGONIA undergoes Mitosis Primary Spermatocyte undergoes Meiosis I Secondary Spermatocyte undergoes Meiosis II Spermatids |
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What are the two genes that give rise to cancer?
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Proto-oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors
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Define Paracrine glands
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A gland which effects neighbors
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Define Negative Selection and what is it used for?
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This selects everything that is not signaling. This is used to telling the immune system of what is yours and what isn'. The body kills all T and B cells which register when one is young.
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What is the name of the cancer which effects the epithelia cells?
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Carcinoma
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What does the Antibodies do to fight invaders?
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1) Neutralize the Toxins by finding the active site and breaking it
2) Opsonization - which is flaging down phagocytes. |
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What happens to the burst follicle?
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It forms a Corpus Luteum which releases progesterone(Preventing the sheding of the endometrium).
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Difine Ovoviviparity
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All the nurishment comes from a closed egg like structure yet it is housed in the mother for added protection.
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Where does the sperm mature?
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The Semineferous tubules
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How many copies of the mutated gene do you need to have a tumor in Protooncogenes, and why?
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You only need one because it gains the function of limitless replication.
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FSH and LH are examples of what type of hormone?
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Tropic
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What are the two sub sets of vivparity?
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Marsupials and placentals
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What is the Leydig cell responsible for?
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It provides testosterone for the sperm.
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What are the factors of making up the variable portion of an antibody?
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Varible section, Diversity Section, the joining section, and then the constant part
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What is the role of FSH and LH in the male reproductive system?
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FSH stimulates Sertoli
LH stimulates Leydig |
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What is the definition of Contact inhibition?
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When a normal cell comes into contact with another cell it stops growing.
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