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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The structure of root systems give them a large/small surface area for absorption?
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Large surface area
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What characteristics of the root systems give them a large surface area?
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1.branching
2.growth of root hairs 3.large surface area of cortex cells walls |
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What mineral ions do plants absorb?
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Potassium
Nitrate Phosphate |
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The concentration of the mineral ions in the soil is usually much HIGHER than inside root cells so they are absorbed by active transport. True or False?
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False.
The concentration of the mineral ions in the soil is usually much LOWER than inside root cells so they are absorbed by active transport. |
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Does the cytoplasm of root cells usually have a much higher/lower total solute concentration than water in the surrounding soil?
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Higher. This is because of active transport of mineral ions.
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Where is most of the water absorbed by roots eventually drawn into? How?
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1. Into xylem vessels, in the center of the root.
2. By transpiration pull. |
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What are the two are the two routes water could move through? Explain both routes briefly.
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Symplastic route- Water could move from cell to cell through the cytoplasm
Apoplastic route- Move by capillary action through cortex cell walls until it reaches the endodermis |
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By what means do terrestrial plants support themselves?
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1) thickened cellulose
2) Cell turgor: provides support 3) Xylem : provides support |
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Define transpiration
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Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from the leaves and stems of plants.
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Transpiration causes a flow of water from the roots, through the stems to the leaves of plants. What is this flow called?
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Transpiration stream
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How does the transpiration stream begin, in terms of water?
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Water from the cell walls of spongy mesophyll cells is evaporated. Water that evaporates is replaced with water from xylem vessels in the leaf. The water is pulled out of xylem vessels and through pores in spongy mesophyll cells walls by capillary action.
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What is meant by transpiration pull?
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When low pressure or suction is created inside xylem vessels when water is pulled out.
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How can plants regulate transpiration?
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Guard cells can open and close stomata
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What abiotic factors affect the rate of transpiration?
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Light
Temperature Humidity Wind |
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How does light affect the rate of transpiration?
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Guard cells close the stomata in darkness so transpiration is much greater in the light (since stomata is open)
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How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?
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Heat is required for evaporation of water from the surface of spongy mesophyll cells. So as temperature rises the rate of transpiration rises. High temperatures also increase the rate of diffusion through the air spaces in spongy mesophyll and reduce the relative humidity of the air outside the leaf.
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How does humidity affect the rate of transpiration?
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The lower the humidity outside the leaf, the steeper the gradient and therefore the faster the rate of transpiration. The gradient is the one between the air spaces inside the leaf and the air soutside.
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How does wind affect the rate of transpiration?
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Pockets of air saturated with water vapor tend to form near stomata in still air, which reduce the rate of transpiration. Wind blows the saturated air away and so increases the rate of transpiration.
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What transports sugars, amino acids, and other organic compounds produced in photosynthesis out of the leaf? Where is this structure located?
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Phloem transport sugars, amino acids, and the other organic compounds.
Phloem is located in all of the veins of the leaf. |
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What structures within phloem tissue transport organic compounds?
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Sieve tubes
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How are organic compounds pumped into the sieve tube?
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By active transport
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What is translocation?
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The transport of any biochemical in phloem whether produced by the plant or not
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how is food stored in plants?
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Plants develop a food storage organ.
Food is stored during dormant season, then used in the next growth season. Food is transported to and from the storage organ in the phloem. |
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What is an example of a storage organ?
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Potato tubers
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