Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is Language |
Use of symbols to convey ideas - Sounds - Writing - Body Language Arbitrary - No connection between symbol + idea Learned |
|
|
Language vs Call Systems : Human Language |
Displacement - Capacity to speak of things/events not present Productivity - Generate new expressions by combining expressions Cultural Transmission - All humans have capacity, but different langauges |
|
|
Language vs Call Systems: Primate System |
- Stimuli Dependent - Limited number of calls - No productivity - Species-specific w/ little variation |
|
|
Viki |
- Chimp - Raised by couple in the '50s - Systematically tried to teach language - Learned 4 words: mama, papa, up, cup |
|
|
Washoe and Lucy |
- Chimps - American Sign Language - Productivity |
|
|
Washoe |
- Researchers never spoke in front of her - 100+ signs - Productivity at age 2 - Swearing joking, lying - Son learned 60+ signs |
|
|
Koko |
- Most productive work with ape (gorilla) - Penny Patterson from Stanford - Over 400+ ASL signs regularly - 700+ signs total |
|
|
Origin of Language |
FOXP2 gene - Fine tongue and lip movement KE family - Half of members have severe speech deficit - Found in chimps Speech form arrived 150,000YA |
|
|
Language as Adaptation |
- Vehicle for learning - Store more information - Anticipate responses before we encounter stimuli - Flexibility |
|
|
Language, Thought, & Culture: Universal Grammar |
Noam Chomsky - Human constraints --> similar language structures - Human brain contains set rules for language organization --> all languages have common structural base - Evidence: children learn languages + people learn foreign languages Sapir-Whorf - Different languages produce different ways of thinking (future tense) |
|
|
Language, Thought, & Culture: Sociolinguistics |
Noam Chomsky - Competence: Knowledge of grammatical rules needed for language - Performance: language in context Dell Hymes - Communicative competence: knowledge needed to use language in social context |
