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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NAGI Disablement Principle |
Active Pathology Impairment Functional Limitation Disability |
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ICF Disablement Principle |
Impairments Disabilities Handicaps |
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What is "reasonable and necessary" PT care? |
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What criteria render PT care no longer "reasonable and necessary?" |
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Narrative format of documentation |
Clinician describes the pt encounter in paragraph format |
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PMOR format of documentation |
Problem-Oriented Medical Record |
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SOAP Note documentation |
Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan |
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Template and fill-in documentation |
Paper or computer based |
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Electronic documentation |
EMR |
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What are the 5 elements of pt care? |
Examination Evaluation Diagnosis Prognosis including the POC Interventions |
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Who is responsible for the initial PT examination and evaluation? |
The PT |
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What are the essential components of the PT examination and evaluation? |
History, Systems Review, Tests and Measurements - Clinical judgement based on findings |
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Who writes progress notes on the pt? |
Whomever is doing the therapy - PT or PTA |
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What do progress notes consist of? |
SOAP |
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Who is responsible for the discharge summary? |
The PT or PTA (in KY) - the APTA does not want the PTA to write discharge summaries. |
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What does the discharge summary consist of? |
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What are the top 10 reasons why payment for PT care is denied due to documentation? |
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What should be included in the subjective section of a SOAP note? |
General demographics, Current condition/complaints, medical/surgical history, medications, clinical tests, social history, living environment, general health, social/health habits, growth and development, family history, employment |
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What should be included in the Objective section of a SOAP note? |
Date collected during system's review and tests and measurements, interventions provided |
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What should be included in the Assessment section of a SOAP note? |
Goals, identification of impairments in body structures and functions, limitations in activities/participation, relationship between body structure and limitations, PT practice pattern, prognosis, justification for goals/treatment |
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What should be included in the Plan section of a SOAP note? |
written plan for PT services - frequency and duration, collaboration, pt education, suggestions for further testing, AD or equipment needs, treatment progression. |
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What is the maximum depth to which most superficial heat and cold agents alter tissue temp? |
2-3 cm |
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What is specific heat? How is it significant to the alteration of tissue temp? |
Amt of energy required to raise the temp of a given weight of material by a given number of degrees |
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Conduction |
Energy exchange by direct contact (heat/ice packs) |
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Convection |
Energy exchange between a circulating medium (Whirlpool, fluidothearpy) |
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Conversion |
Conversion of non thermal form of energy into heat (ultrasound, diathermy) |
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Radiation |
Direct transfer of energy from a material with a higher temp to one with a lower temp (infrared lamps) |
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Evaporation |
Absorption of energy to turn from liquid to gas (vapo coolant) |
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Cryotherapy |
The therapeutic use of cold |
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What are the effects of cryotherapy on body tissues? |
Initial decrease in blood flow, later increase in blood flow, decreased nerve conduction velocity, increased pain threshold, altered muscle strength, decreased spasticity, facilitation of muscle contraction, decreased metabolic rate |
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Indications of cryotherapy? |
Inflammation control, edema control, pain control, modification of spasticity, symptom management in MS, facilitation of muscle contraction |
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Contraindication of cryotherapy? |
cold hypersensitivity, cold intolerance, cryoglobulinemia, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, over-rengerating peripheral nerves, over an area with circulatory compromise or peripheral vascular disease |
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Precautions of cryotherapy? |
Over the superficial branch of a nerve, over an open wound, hypertension, poor sensation or mentation, very young or old |
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Adverse effects of cryotherapy? |
frostbite, tissue death, ischemia, thromboses in smaller vessels, etc |
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Advantages/disadvantages, indications for using, and application techniques of ice packs? |
Easy to use, inexpensive, not a lot of PT time, mod-large areas, applied to elevated limb
removed to visualize, weight of pack, contact with small or contoured areas, long duration |
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Advantages/disadvantages, indications for using, and application techniques of ice massage? |
area observed during treatment, small and irregular areas, short duration, inexpensive, elevated limb
time-consuming |
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Advantages/disadvantages, indications for using, and application techniques of controlled cold compression unit? |
allows stimulation application of cold and compression, temp and compression are easily and accurately controlled, large joints
cannot be visualized, expensive, extremities only |
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Advantages/disadvantages, indications for using, and application techniques of vapocoolant spray? |
brief cooling, localized area of application
limited use |
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Thermotherapy |
Therapeutic application of heat |
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Effects of thermotherapy on body tissues? |
Vasodilation, increased nerve conduction velocity and firing rate, increased pain threshold, increased muscle strength, increased metabolic rate, increased collagen extensibility |
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Indications for thermotherapy? |
Pain control, increased ROM and decreased joint stiffness, accelerated healing, infrared radiation for psoriasis |
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Contraindications for thermotherapy? |
recent or potential hemorrhage, thrombophletitis, impaired sensation, impaired mentation, malignant tumor, IR irradiation of the eyes |
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Precautions for thermotherapy? |
acute injury or inflammation, pregnancy, impaired circulation, poor thermal regulation, edema, cardiac insufficiency, metal in the area, over an open wound, over areas where topical counterirritants have recently been applied, demyelinated nerves |
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Adverse effects of thermotherapy? |
burns, fainting, bleeding, skin and eye damage from infrared radiation |
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General application techniques for thermotherapy? |
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Advantages/disadvantages, indications for using, and application techniques of hot packs? |
easy to use, inexpensive, not a lot of clinician time, low level skill, mod-large areas, home use
moved to visualize area, weight, contact with small or contoured areas, cannot be in motion during use, water cabinet is expensive 6-8 layers - check after 5 minutes, 20 minute treatment |
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Advantages/disadvantages, indications for using, and application techniques of paraffin? |
good contact with highly contoured areas, easy to use, inexpensive, elevated if the dip-wrap method is used, lubricates the skin, use at home
messy and time-consuming, can't be used over open skin, cross-contamination 10-15 minutes or until cool for dip-wrap up to 20 for dip-immersion and paint 126-134° |
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Advantages/disadvantages, indications for using, and application techniques of fluidotherapy? |
can move during treatment, minimal pressure applied, temp controlled during treatment, easy
expensive equipment, dependent position increasing edema risk, overheating, slippage may result in slick floor 100-118° - 20 minutes |
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Advantages/disadvantages, indications for using, and application techniques of infrared and contrast baths? |
no contact, area observed during treatment
not easily localized, difficult to ensure constant heating 18-24" away - 15-30 minutes |
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Hydrotherapy |
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How does hydrotherapy differ from aquatic therapy? |
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Specific heat of water |
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Thermal conductivity |
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Buoyancy in water |
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Archimedes' Principle of Buoyancy |
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Resistance in water |
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Viscosity of water |
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Hydrostatic pressure of water |
Pressure exerted by a fluid on a body immersed in the fluid
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Pascal's Law |
A fluid exerts equal pressure on all surfaces of a body at rest at a given depth, and this pressure increases in proportion to the depth of the fluid
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Physiological effects of hydrotherapy |
cleansing, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, psychological
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Indications for hydrotherapy |
superficial heating or cooling, musculoskeletal problems, neurological problems, reduced cardiac fitness, pregnancy, exercise-infused asthma, age related deficits, pain control, edema control, wound care,
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Contraindications for hydrotherapy |
maceration around a wound
bleeding
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Precautions for hydrotherapy |
impaired thermal sensation in the area
infection in the area confusion or impaired cognition recent skin grafts
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Adverse effects of hydrotherapy |
Drowning, burns, fainting, bleeding, hyponatremia, infection, aggravation of edema, asthma exacerbation
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Tanks and pools used for hydrotherapy |
whirlpool, hubbard tank, pool, negative pressure wound therapy
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Temperature designations commonly referred to when using water as a therapeutic tool |
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Electromagnetic Radiation |
Radiation composed of electrical and magnetic fields that vary over time and are oriented perpendicular to each other - does not need a medium
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ER - frequency |
# of waves per unit of time
waves/second |
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ER - wavelength |
length of a wave of light from peak to peak determines frequency and color - longer wavelengths are associated with deeper penetration.
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ER - Intensity |
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LASER |
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Monochromatic, coherent, and directional |
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LED |
Light-emitting diode
Relatively low-power light in a range of frequencies - Red light - range of wavelengths, not coherent or directional |
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SLD |
Supraluminous Diode
Semiconductor diode technology to produce high-power light in a narrow frequency range |
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LLLT |
Low Level Light Therapy Cold laser, low-intensity, low-power, or soft laser Less than 500 mW power per diode |
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Physiological effects of laser and light therapies |
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Indications of LLLT |
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Contraindications of laser and light therapy |
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Precautions of laser and light therapy |
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Adverse effects of laser and light therapy |
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Application techniques for laser and light therapy, including parameters |
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Ultraviolet Radiation |
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Physiological effects of UV therapy |
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Indications for UV therapy |
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Contraindications for UV therapy |
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Precautions for UV therapy |
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Adverse effects of UV therapy |
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Application techniques for UV therapy |
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Therapeutic Ultrasound |
Sound with a frequency greater than 20,000 cycles per second that has a thermal and non-thermal effects when applied to the body |
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Physiological effects of Ultrasound |
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Indication for Ultrasound |
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Contraindications for Ultrasound |
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Precautions for Ultrasound |
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Adverse effects of Ultrasound |
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Phonophoresis |
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Application techniques for Ultrasound |
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Diathermy |
The application of shortwave or microwave electromagnetic energy to produce heat within tissues, particularly deep tissuesF |
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Inductive Coil |
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Capacitive plates |
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Magnetron (condenser) |
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Physiological effects of diathermy |
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Indications for diathermy |
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Contraindications for diathermy |
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Precautions for diathermy |
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Adverse effects of diathermy |
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Tilt table |
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Parallel bars |
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Walker |
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Crutches |
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Cane |
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Why would a person need an AD for ambulation? |
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Advantages/Disadvantages/Considerations in using a tilt table for gait training |
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Advantages/Disadvantages/Considerations in using parallel bars for gait training |
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Advantages/Disadvantages/Considerations in using a walker for gait training |
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Advantages/Disadvantages/Considerations in using a axillary crutches for gait training |
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Advantages/Disadvantages/Considerations in using a forearm crutches for gait training |
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Advantages/Disadvantages/Considerations in using a platform attachment for gait training |
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Advantages/Disadvantages/Considerations in using a cane for gait training |
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What are the major muscle groups used throughout the various phases of ambulation |
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