Bi373 Developmental Biology Ch.1 (Ass.1)

Front 1

Induction (7,22); n09/06/07

Back 1

One cell or tissue directs the development of another neighboring cell or tissue;
One of two ways of how a cell can determine its fate

Front 2

Morphogenesis (15)

Back 2

-The third developmental process: change in form

Front 3

Cell Differentiation (15)

Back 3

Fourth Developmental process: cells become structurally and functionally different from each other, ending up as distinct cell types (i.e. blood, muscle, skin)

Front 4

Committed Cell
09/06/07

Back 4

= determined?? see pg 300

Developmental fate becomes restricted

Front 5

Specified Cell (20)
Fig 1.21

Back 5

A cell or group of cells that when isolated and cultured in the neutral environment of a simple culture medium away from the embryo, it or they develop more or less according to their normal fate

Front 6

Determined Cell

Back 6

A cell with a stable change in the internal state of a cell

Front 7

Differentiated Cell
(sunny)

Back 7

A cell that has become structurally and functionally distinct according to its cell fate. It has achieved a terminal and usually stable state in which a change in gene expression can be observed by distinctive housekeeping and cell specific proteins.

Front 8

Regulative Development (21)

Back 8

embryos that have a potential of cells much greater than that indicated by their normal fate

Front 9

Mosaic Development (21)

Back 9

embryos that from a very early stage can develop only according to their early fate

Front 10

Cell Autonomous (23)

Back 10

cell that develops without new signals from another cell

Front 11

Paracrine Signalling
09/06/07

<Choosing cell fate: Autonomous or Induced:Juxtacrine, GAP Junctions, Paracrine Signalling>

Back 11

diffusable molecules are secreted into extracellular space and binds to a specific receptor causing a conformational change in receptor initiating 2nd msg cascade

Front 12

Juxtacrine Signalling
09/06/07


<Choosing cell fate: Autonomous or Induced:Paracrine, GAP Junctions, Juxtacrine Signalling>

Back 12

Involves direct contact between two cells, where the extracellular ligand is immobile
-binds to receptor causing a conformational change in receptor initiating 2nd msg cascade

Front 13

Embryogenesis (1)

Back 13

The development of an embryo from the fertilized egg

Front 14

Embryology (2)

Back 14

The study of developmental biology

Front 15

Cell Fate
09/06/07

Back 15

What a cell will normally develop into, however is not the only fate a cell can have.

Front 16

GAP Junction


<Choosing cell fate: Autonomous or Induced:Paracrine,Juxtacrine Signalling,GAP Junctions>

Back 16

A "tunnel" connects two cells and the ligand remains intracellular

Front 17

Ligand (cell bio. gloss.)

Back 17

molecule that binds to a specific site on a protein (i.e. a receptor)

Front 18

Receptor (cell bio. gloss.)

Back 18

A cell protein that binds a specific extracellular signal molecule and initiates a response in the cell.

Front 19

Exon (cell bio. gloss.)

Back 19

segment of a gene that is transcribed into mRNA and expressed

Front 20

Intron (cell bio. gloss.)

Back 20

non-coding region of a gene that is transcribed into an RNA molecule but is then spliced out to produce mRNA

Front 21

Spliceosome (cell bio. gloss.)

Back 21

Large assembly of RNA and protein molecules that performs pre-mRNA splicing in a cell

Front 22

Phenotype (cell bio. gloss.), (9)

Back 22

observable character of a cell

Front 23

Genotype (cell bio. gloss.), (9)

Back 23

set of genes carried by an individual cell

Front 24

Extracellular Matrix (cell bio. gloss.)

Back 24

complex network of polysaccharides and proteins secreted by cells

Front 25

RNA processing

Back 25

broad term for the modifications an RNA undergoes as it matures. Typically includes capping of the 5' end, splicing, and the addition of the poly-a-tail

Front 26

Competent (22)

Back 26

the ability of a cell to respond to an inducing signal

Front 27

Morphogen (24)

Back 27

A chemical whose concentration varies and is involved in pattern formation.

Front 28

Morphogenetic gradient (24)

Back 28

threshold that represents the amount of morphogen that must bind to receptors to activate an intracellular signalling system or concentrations of transcription factors required to activate particular genes.

Front 29

Signal Transduction (303)

Back 29

the process by which signals bind to receptors in the cell membrane and relay a signal to the cell's nucleus-- type of signalling pathway from a receptor

Front 30

Promoter
9/11/07,301

Back 30

A specific DNA sequence where RNA polymerase is recruited; the site of transcription which the rna-p binds to and transcription of a gene is initiated

Front 31

Transcription Factors (301/302)

Back 31

binding of RNA-p to the correct region of DNA to begin transcription requires a transcription factor which form an initiation compldx with the polymerase at the promoter site.