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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Outcomes of Tolerance shifts
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Extinction
Migration/dispersal Torpor, hibernation, estivation |
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albedo
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the ability to reflect sunlight
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lindeman efficiency
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GPP / solar radiation
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bonner hypothesis
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full light cannot be totally capitalized on, plants are more adapted for dim light than full light
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sunflects
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short duration burst of light; plants are more efficient with short bursts of life but are better when they are primed
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leaves receive light (3 ways)
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passed through other leaves
reflected off other surfaces direct light passes through |
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umbra
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resource depletion zone (RDZ), also known as shade
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Henry Horn's Hypothesis
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trees that grow in the open have leaves arranged in depth in a random array, while understory trees in the dense shade have non-random leaves (larger) and are more horizontal
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growth rate equation
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Rate = Efficiency x Form
Where form is the leaf weight to plant weight ratio (LWR) |
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palisade paranchyma
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1 layer thick in plants in the shade and 2-3 layers thick in the sunlight (contains a lot of chloroplasts)
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intraspecific competition
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interaction between individuals within the same species brought about by a hared requirement for a limited resource. Causes reduction in survivorship, growth, reproduction of competing individuals
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law of constant final yield
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low densities yield increases with density, eventually the yield becomes independent of density
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results of intraspecific competition
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stress, dispersal, social behaviors
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observing niche differences
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evolutionary avoidance through competition, evolutionary avoidance without competition (learned behavior/selection), current competition
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ranked preference`
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eating the most abundant/nutritious food item
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balanced preference
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balance needs are fulfilled by picking various food items
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aggregate numerical response to different numbers of prey
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patches of high density food causes the pantry effect
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fecundity numerical response
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stay long enough to produce
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aggregation
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predators found in patches where prey are abundant (high density prey means no aggregation)
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herbivore fitness
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access to plant tissue means more energy, used to increase fitness. It is best for herbivore to break down plant defenses
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co-evolutionary warfare
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plants will build up defense and herbivores will try to avoid defenses
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Types of Plant Damage by Herbivores (DSDS)
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Defoliation
Sucking Insects Damage to cambrium and growing tips Seeds and fruits |
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qualitative defense
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low concentration of toxin but high toxicity, good defense against generalists, less than 2% of dry weight, induced by plants in response to nibbling
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qualitative defense
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greater than 60% of the dry weight of the plant, high concentrations but high cost to the plant
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coexistance
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unpredictable gaps, fluctuating environments, aggregated distribution, ephemeral patches
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