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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the
Starch Hydrolysis test detect? |
reveals whether bacteria produce the enzyme amylase, and can hydrolyze starch
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What does a Positive
Starch Hydrolysis test look like? |
Postive test which produces amylase, area around the colonies will clear
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What does a Negative
Starch Hydrolysis test look like? |
Negative test which amylase is not produced, the area around colonies will be blue.
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How does the
Starch Hydolysis test work? |
starch reacts with iodine and turns blue. clear zone surrouding colonies indicates that the starch has been digested because acteria secreted amylase.
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What does the Gelatin Hydrolysis test detect?
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reveals wehether bacteria produce enzyme gelatinase and can hydrolyze gelatin.
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Clinical use of Gelatin Hydrolysis test?
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Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriacease, bacillus, and clostridium
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What does a postive Gelatin Hydrolysis test look like?
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media will turn to liquid, if gelatinase is produced
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What does a negative Gelatin Hydolysis test look like?
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media will be solid, if not production of gelatinase
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How does the Gelatine media work?
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bacteria are grown in media solidified /c nutrient gelatin in place of agar. bacteria secrete exoenzyme gelatinase the gelatin in the media will be hydrolyzed
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What does Blood Agar detect?
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test reveals whether bacteria produce exotoxins called hemolysins which can destroy red blook cells.
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What does a positive Blood Agar test look like?
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complete hemolysis, clear zone around colony - pathogenic
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What does a negative Blood Agar test look like?
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no hemolysis, no change in blood agar around colony - normal
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What does Triple Sugar Iron test detect?
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tests carbohydrate fermentation and hydrogen sulfide production
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What does a positive Triple Sugar Iron test look like?
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if H2S (hydrogen sulfide) produced - there will be a black precipitate in the agar
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What does a negative Triple Sugar Iron test look like?
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agar will not have black presence
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How does TSI test work?
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H2S will react with sulfar in media to produce black precipitate.
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TSI is clinically used to detect for what bacteria?
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Enterobacteriaceae
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What does the Thioglycollate test detect?
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test reveals the oxygen requirements of bacteria.
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Describe the media.
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broth contains two reagents, sodium thioglycollate and L-cystein that react with oxygen,
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How does the Thioglycollate test work?
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resazurin that turns pink when oxygen is present
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What does Indole test detect?
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if bacteria are converting tryptophan into Indole, by using tryptophanase
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What does a positive Indole test look like?
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will be red which indicates the presence of indole - and bacteria are making tryptophanse
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What does a negative Indole test look like?
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no red will be present
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How does the Indole test work?
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incubation for 48 hours, than added few drops of Kovac's reagent, the reagent reacts with Indole to form Rsindole dye (which appears red)
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Describe Indole media.
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tryptophan broth also called SIM
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What does MRVP detect for?
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MR test reveals whether mixed acid fermentation occurs.
VP test looks at whether acetoin and 2,3-butanediol are produced |
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What do the different color results of the MR test look like?
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Yellow: pH 6.2 - 14
Orange: 4.4 to 6.2 red: Ph 0 - 4.4 |
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What does a positive VP test look like?
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top part of medium will turn pinkish/red
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Describe the medium for the MRVP test.
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MRVP broth contains peptone, glucose and phosphate buffer.
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What does a negative VP test look like?
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Medium will turn yellowish/light brown
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What does the Citrate test detect?
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reveals whether bacteria can utilize citrate as the sole carbon source
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What does a positive Citrate test detect?
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if citrate is the carbon cource, the slant will turn blue - pH 7.6 to 14
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What does a negative Citrate test detect?
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will remain green - citrate is not the sole carbon source -pH 0-6.9
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Describe the Citrate media.
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Citrate agar contains sodium citrate, ammonium ion, Bromthymol blue as a pH indicator
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How does the Citrate test work?
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citrate (citic ACID) will convert ammmonia (NH3) to ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), this will raise the pH making media more alkaline
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What does the Catalase test detect?
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test reveals presence of enzyme catalse
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What does a positive Catalase test look like?
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bubbles are present on the slide means bacteria produce catalse
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What does a negative Catalase test look like?
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no bubbles will appear on the slide
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How does the test work?
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bacteria on slide; add a drop of H2O2, if bubbles present postive test, and presence of catalase
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Advantages of using light microscopy.
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*easy to use
*accessible * allows live specimens * color |
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Limitations of using Light Microscopy.
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* can not see subatomic level
*can not penetrate molecular barrier * not 3D, just focal plan |
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Advantages of X-ray Crysallography
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* good 3D info on items
*shows atomic structure *high resolution |
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Limitations of using X-Ray Crysallography
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pain stackingly teadiesness
hard to get crystal expensive less accesible can not look at live samples |
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Advantages of using Scanning Electon Microscopy
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higher resolution then light
3D |
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Limitations of using Scanning Electron Microscopy
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lacks color, only b/w
samples are not alive can not see withen the cell |
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Advantages of Scanning tunnineling microscopy
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image individual atoms
use simple molecules high resolution |
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Limitations of using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
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appiction
not live electectly conductive can not see whole organismWhat |
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What is a viable plate count?
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a way to measure number or density of live cells in a liquid
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What is a CFU
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Colony Forming Unit; entity in milk that results in a colony on a plate
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what is the formula for CFU's ml of sample?
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# of colonies / dilution x volume plates (in mL)
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describe the steps of doing a viable plate count.
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KNOW THIS!!! REFER TO LAB.
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What does ELISA stand for?
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Enzyme Linked Immunosrbant Assay
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What are some diseases an ELISA test, test for?
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exposure to HIV, SARS, OR West Nile virus.
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What does the ELISA test use to detect disease agents?
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antibodies in your bodily fluid
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What is an antigen?
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molecule that triggers a specific immune response
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What is an antibody?
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Y-shaped protein in teh blood that bind specifically to an antigent and helps the body to mount an immune response against the antegent
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how does ELISA test work?
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1)sample incubated in plastic well. protein including antigetn sticks to plastic.
2) anti-disease primary antibodies added - if antigent present PA will seek it out and bind // then wash /c buffer 3) HRP-labeled (enzyme) 2nd. antibodie added. PA bound to antigetn, 2nd antibody will bidn to pa // wash 4) add enzyme substrate - iff antigent was present sample will turn blue |
