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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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• Septuagint
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250bc
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Latin vulgate
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400ad
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Wycliffe first full bi in English
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1300s
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Tyndale
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1531
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Gutenburg
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1546
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King james (authorized)
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1611
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Kjv revision
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1881
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American standard version
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1901
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Rsv
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1952
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New American standard bible
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71
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Tatian -
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First Harmony of gospels “dia/tesseron”
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What are the three types of Bible translations? Which is most important and why?
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Primary, secondary, tertiary (p 243) Primary translations are most important because they come from manuscripts in the original languages
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What was unique about Tatian’s Diatesseron?
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Earliest known harmony of the gospels (p 245)
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Give two reasons why the Latin Vulgate is important in the history of the Bible?
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1. It was the dominant version in Europe for about 1,000 years. 2. It was translated into many languages during the Reformation (p 254)
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Who was Jerome?
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Translator of the Latin Vulgate; brilliant scholar (pp 254-256)
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What does the term “vulgate” mean?
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Common or plain (p 254)
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What was Jerome’s source for preparing the OT text for the Vulgate?
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The Hebrew text rather than the Septuagint (p 255)
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Which version of the Bible was the first printed Bible and when was it printed?
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Gutenberg printed the Latin Vulgate in 1456 (p264)
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What event in history caused many Greek manuscripts to be carried to Europe?
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The fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453 (p 265)
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Why did Martin Luther want to translate the Bible into the language of the common people?
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To expose the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church by making scripture available to everyone (p266)
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What is the name of the Greek NT used to translate the King James Version? Why is it called this?
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Textus Receptus. The publisher claimed it was received by all and all mistakes were corrected (p 279)
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What three reasons are given for the 900 years with no English Bible available?
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1. The Vulgate was accepted by the church
2. The clergy did not have the training to do a translation 3. The church forbid the translation of the Bible into the common languages (p 273) |
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The first English translation by Wycliffe used what text as its source?
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Latin Vulgate (p 282)
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Give three differences between Wycliffe’s translation and Tyndale’s.
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1. Wycliffe used the Latin Vulgate; Tyndale the Greek
2. Wycliffe’s was hand-copied; Tyndale’s printed 3. Wycliffe wrote in Middle-English; Tyndale in modern (p 289) |
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Why did the Roman Catholic Church produce an English translation of the Bible?
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To counter the Protestant teachings found in other versions which the lay people could read (p 304)
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a. The books of the Old Testament were
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recognized as God’s Word and accepted as scripture. (p 101)
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2. Over what period of years was the Bible written?
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1500 years (p 101)
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3. What is our author’s definition of the word canon?
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A collection or list of books accepted as an authoritative rule of faith and practices
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4. According to R.K. Harrison, when was the Old Testament canon complete? Is this date certain?
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3rd or 4th century BC / No, it is not certain (p 106)
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5. When did the Roman Catholic Church declare the Apocryphal books to be scripture?
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At the Council of Trent 1546 AD (p107)
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7. Why is it important that Jesus quoted from all three parts of Old Testament scripture?
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Jesus accepted all three sections of the Jewish Scriptures as God’s Word (p109)
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8. What major event in Jewish history occurred in 70AD? What changes in the practice of the Jewish religion came about as a result?
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The temple was destroyed and sacrifice was no longer possible (p 114)
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caononisity of the OT
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No contradictions, The author was a prophet or someone with divine authority, It originated through inspiration from God, It was accepted by the Jews as authoritative (p 117)
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11. Name the three divisions of Old Testament extra-canonical books.
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Apocrypha, pseudepigrapha, lost books (p 119)
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13. Define the term pseudepigrapha.
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A collection of Jewish writings concerning the time from 200BC to 200 AD; they falsely claim to be written by or about famous Old Testament characters but were rarely accepted as Scripture. (p 127-129)
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14. What value do pseudepigraphical books have?
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Shows us the social dimension of early Judaism, Shows the importance of the Old Testament to early Jews, Shows how New Testament doctrines developed in relation to the Old Testament
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1. What fact in the study of canonicity makes Christianity unique
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Christianity accepts the Jewish sacred writings and added the New Testament
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2. Cite two arguments you find compelling for the accuracy of the oral accounts that were the sources for the written gospels.
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Any of the two on pages 132-133
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3. During what dates were the New Testament books written? In what century were the early dates for these books questioned by scholars?
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AD 48-100 / 19th century (p 135)
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5. During what century was an early canon of the New Testament beginning to form?
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2nd century (p142)
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7. Why do Christians reject the revelations offered by later so-called prophets like Muhammad or Joseph Smith?
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These writers claim new revelation that contradicts accepted canonical teaching. There is not universal acceptance of these later writings and Scripture seems clear that the canon is closed. (pp 150-151)
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8. By what century was the New Testament canon clearly established?
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5th century BC (p 153)
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9. What proof do we have in Scripture that all of Jesus’ sayings were not recorded in the four Gospels?
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John 20:21, Acts 20:35 (p 154)
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10. Why are the writings of the Apostolic Fathers not accepted as Scripture?
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Scripture claims to be God’s revelation; apostolic writings do not (p 161)
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1. How were Old Testament manuscripts created, and on what material were they written? -
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writtne by hand on papyrus or leather
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2. What discovery greatly expanded our knowledge of the Old Testament texts before AD 100? When was this discovery made? -
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about 50 years ago the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls
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3. What group of scribes carried on the work of preserving the Old Testament text we have today? What is this text called? -
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Masoretes copied the Masoretic text
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4. When were present day chapter divisions added; to which translation and by whom? -
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1220 AD to the Latin Vulgate by Archbishop Stephen Langton (p 176)
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5. Who added verse division in the Old Testament and during which time period? -
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Ben Asher family of scribes about 900 AD (p 177)
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6. Define Old Testament textual criticism. -
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The science and art that seeks to determine the most reliable wording of the original Biblical text (p 177)
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7. Explain why the Samaritan Pentateuch notes a different site for Abraham’s altar to offer Isaac than the Masoretic text? -
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The Samaritans had built a temple for worship on Mt Moreh after their schism with the Jews in Jerusalem. To validate their place of worship they changed the text from Moriah to Moreh. (p 186)
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8. From what period of time are the Dead Sea Scrolls? Before 1947 what date was assigned to the oldest complete Hebrew manuscript? -
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DSS: BC 250 to AD 50; Hebrew manuscripts: about AD 1000 (p187)
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9. What is the Septuagint and how old is it? -
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A Greek translation of the Old Testament done about 250-100BC (p194)
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10. If Tischendorf had not discovered the Codex Sinaiticus, what would have been its probable fate? -
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Probably would have been burned (p 196)
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11. Why is the Septuagint important? -
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Most New Testament quotes of the Old Testament are from the LXX; Christians used the LXX extensively to study the Old Testament (p198)
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12. What are the targums? -
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Interpretation of the Old Testament in Aramaic to help Hebrews who were weak in Hebrew (p 202)
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1. What date is assigned to the earliest fragment of the New Testament text? How many years is this date after the book of John was written and why is this important? -
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Early 2nd century; 50 – 70 years after John wrote. The short period of time between the two makes it more likely to be an accurate copy (p 207)
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2. Why were so many copies made of the New Testament autographs? -
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The church grew rapidly in numbers and spread great distances. Copies were requested and sent out to the churches (p207)
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3. What is a palimpsest? -
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A parchment or leather piece of writing material that has been scraped and reused (p 213)
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4. When did verse divisions appear in the New Testament text? -
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1551 in Geneva (p214)
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5. What is the task of New Testament textual criticism? -
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To determine which reading of the New Testament is the original (p 215)
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6. What is the fundamental difference between New Testament and Old Testament textual criticism? -
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The New Testament has a great number of manuscripts whereas the Old Testament has few and one accepted text (p 215)
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7. What are the major variants in the New Testament texts and which major doctrines are affected? -
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The major differences are spelling and omission of small words. No doctrines are affected (p 215)
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8. Why were the New Testament texts placed in families and what identifies these families? -
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Manuscripts copied from one another will be very similar. Errors will be passed on in families; thus the number of copies does not determine the original text. The families are named after the geographical areas where the manuscripts were copied (p 222)
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9. Briefly describe the issues involved in the eclectic text versus the single text debate. -
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Should the textual critic pick one text he believes to be the most accurate (single text) or compare all available texts and combine the results into a text produced from all the evidence (eclectic text)? (p223)
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10. After studying the table 14.1 and reading this section of Wegner, how would you answer someone who says, “Your Bible is too old; how do you know it says what Jesus really said?” -
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We have thousands more manuscripts to support the New Testament than any other ancient manuscript. The ancient texts are dated closer to the originals than any other writings. The early church carefully recorded and saved early writings.
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Who authorized the Authorized Version of 1611 and who was he?
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King James I, king of England (p 307)
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How many scholars from which two religious groups in England worked on the King James Version?
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Anglican and Puritan; 54 scholars (p 309)
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What translation finally replaced the King James Version in England and when?
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Revised Version 1881 or 1885 (p 315)
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Appendix 3: The King James Debate (pp337-340) What is the modern argument for the superiority of the King James Version?
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The King James Version New Testament is based on the only authoritative text which has been preserved by God through the ages: the Textus Receptus (p 337)
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Briefly describe the process of determining the correct text using the eclectic text method.
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Scholars compare hundreds of ancient manuscripts to gather evidence in support of the original reading of any passage (p 337)
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What is the approximate date of the oldest manuscript of the Byzantine family of manuscripts?
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The mid- fourth century (p 337)
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How many manuscripts and fragments are available to support the New Testament? How early are the oldest ones dated?
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About 5,400 2nd century (p 339)
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Read page 352. When were Catholic scholars permitted to translate the Bible from the Greek and Hebrew? What did they translate from before this time?
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After 1943; the Latin Vulgate
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What does the chart on page 355 clearly illustrate?
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The number of translations grew rapidly in the 1900’s
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What is “international” about the New International Version?
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It uses international English; neither American nor British (p 379
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What Greek text do most modern translations use?
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An eclectic text, either UBS or Nestle-Aland
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What is the best way to avoid any theological biases in a translation?
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Have the translation done by a committee composed of a variety of denominations and theological perspectives
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What makes the New International Version a unique translation?
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It attempts to blend dynamic equivalence and word-for-word translation principles
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What two translation principles fall on opposite ends of a continuum listing different principles of translation?
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Literal and dynamic equivalence
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