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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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M check point
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this check is to make sure the chromasomes are aligned
before mitosis |
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G1 check point
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hormone signal presant and there are all the proper parts available to continue
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G2 check point
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At this check point the DNA must be intact and not damaged
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Apoptosis
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the self destruction of a cell usefull for stoping cancer and getting rid of your tail or seperating your fingers.
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Centromere
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this is what binds the sister chromatids after the chromasomes seperate, it is also where the spindle fibers are atached during mitosis
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Diploid
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Pairs of chromosomes
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What part of the cycle is considered interphase
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G1
S G2 |
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Mitosis
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This is where a cell duplicates it chromasones and where cytokanesis is going to follow
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Chromatid
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A chromatid is one of two identical strands of DNA making up a chromasome
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Chromosone
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Large macromolecules that package and manage Dna
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S stage
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This is when the doubling of the DNA happens S = Synthesis
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Meiosis
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when a cell seperates into 4 smaller cells criticle during sexual reproduction
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G1 stage
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Most of the growth happens here this is when the cell is getting the materials together
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M Stage
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this is when mytoisis occures and cytokanesis the cell actually splitting
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1. What is meant by diploid vs haploid
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A diploid has pairs of chromosomes and haploids have only one of each
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If a diploid cell with 8 different pairs of chromosomes goes through mitosis, then each daughter cell will have 8 pairs of chromosomes, but it doesn’t matter which chromosomes. True or false? Explain
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False, the daughter cells must have an exact copy of the genetic coding in each (homolougos)individual chromosome to be a working copy
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PROPHASE
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Prophase= centrasome starts moving apart and the nucleus disappears then the spindle is forming and the chromosomes are attaching to he centromeric spindle fibers
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METAPHASE
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Chromosomes are at the equater on the fully formed spindle (they meet)
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ANAPHASE
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Daughter chromosomes start moving toward the poles of the spindle
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TELOPHASE
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Cleavage furrow starts
Daughter cells are forming as nuclear envelopes. Chromosomes will become indistinct cromatin |
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5. How & why does cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells?
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animal cells start with a cleavage furrow
Plant cytokinesis starts with a cell plate |
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6. The DNA from one of your cells is as long as a football field! How does it all wind up in a cell too small to see with the naked eye?
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It is put into Histone then
Nucleosomes Then Looped chromatin Then Condensed chromatin then a condensed chromosome |
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7. How do chromosomes get to each pole?
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It is pulled by the centromeric spindle fibers to the poles
Second the poler spindle fibers push the pole apart as they lengthen adn slide past each other, pulling the daughter chromosomes together |
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9. Why is meiosis known as “reduction division” while mitosis is known as “equation division
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Meiosis reduces the amount of chromosomes to singles
Mitosis is equation division because when it is done there are equal number of chromosomes in the new cell as the mother cell |
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10. What is meant by diploid vs haploid? 2N vs N?
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Diploid is a pair of chromosomes
Haploid is single chromosoems |
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What is meant by “sister chromatids”? “homologous chromosomes”?
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Sister chromatids are copies of each other
Homologous chromosomes are individual chromosomes |
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12. Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis.
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Mitosis is making a copy of a cell for repair or building
Meiosis is making a copy of a cell for reproduction |
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13. What is meant by “crossover”?
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This is when an exchange of nonsister chromosomes of the homologous pair this allows the parant chromasome to give the new cwll different combinations of genes than there own
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14. Define and relate “gene”. “allele” and “trait
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Genes contain the information to produce organisims like humans or a human eye
Alleles,DNA code that occupies a given position on a chromosoem Alleles are alternate forms of a gene that produces different traits like brown eyes or blue eyes Traits, these are the different characteristics of the same thing like brown or blue eyes Trait, |
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15. Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis
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In Meiosis replicaton happens 2 times and results it 4 daughter cells that are haploids, and these cells are not genetically identical to each other or to the parant
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The phenomenon of synapsis drives the differences between meiosis and mitosis. Explain
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this is when the homologous chromosomes line up side by side which leads to the reduction of the chromosome number, and differences in the new cells
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Why does meiosis result in new genetic combinations (variations) and mitosis result in “clones” (no genetic variation)?
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Because during meiosis crossing over of non sister chromosones occures and indepnedant alingnment occure allowing for different combinations of traits in mitosisis there is no crossing over and the chromasones line up in a straight line keeping them identicle
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