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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the mode of action of Cyclosporine?
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Blocks T-cell cytokine production by inhibiting calcineurin and thus blocking activation of the NFAT transcription factor
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What is the mode of action of Tacrolimus (FK506)?
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Blocks T-cell cytokine production by inhibiting calcineurin and thus blocking activation of the NFAT transcription factor
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What is the MOA of Rapamycin?
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Blocks lymphocyte proliferation by inhibiting IL-2 signaling
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What is the MOA of corticosteroids?
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Reduce inflammation by inhibiting macrophage cytokine secretion
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What is the MOA of Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies?
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Deplete T cells by binding to CD3 and promoting phagocytosis or complement-mediated lysis
(used to treat acute rejection) |
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What is the MOA of CTLA4-Ig?
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Inhibits T cell activation by blocking B7 costimulator binding to T cell CD28
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What is the target of cyclosporine and tacrolimus?
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IL-2 gene expression
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What is the target of Sirolimus (Rapamycin)?
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IL-2 signal transduction
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What is the target of immune globulin?
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Antigen recognition
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Which drug targets IL-1 production?
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Corticosteroids
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Which drugs target T cell receptors and surface proteins to prevent acute transplant rejection?
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OKT3 and ATG
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Name one IL-2 receptor antibody.
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Basiliximab
(against IL-2 receptor alpha subunit) |
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What is Basiliximab used for?
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To induce immunosuppression and to prolong organ transplants in combination with immunosuppressants
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Which monoclonal Ab binds to CD52 (present on the surface of T and B cells)?
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Alemtuzumab
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What is Alemtuzumab used for?
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Selected leukemias and lymphomas, also for stem cell transplant procedures
(produces profound T cell depletion) |
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Which therapeutic Ab is a monoclonal antibody to CD3 on T cells?
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OKT3 (Muromonab-CD3)
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Which therapeutic Ab is used to treat acute renal transplant rejections?
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Antithymocyte Globulin-Rabbit
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Which form of tissue rejection results in thrombosis, platelet and neutrophil accumulation?
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Hyperacute rejection
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Which form of tissue rejection results in leukocytic infiltration, edema, and tissue necrosis?
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Acute rejection
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Which form of tissue rejection results in leukocytic infiltration, interstitial fibrosis, and occlusion of blood vessels?
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Chronic rejection
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What are the primary mediators of hyperacute tissue rejections?
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Antibodies, complement
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What are the primary mediators of acute tissue rejections?
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T-cells
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What are the primary mediators of chronic tissue reactions?
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Ab, T-cells, cytokines, tissue growth factors
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What method is used to type for Class I HLA?
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Microcytotoxicity testing for HLA antigens
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What method is used to type for Class II HLA?
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Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR)
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What are the 3 types of tumor antigens?
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1. Tumor-specific
2. Tumor-associated 3. Oncofetal antigens |
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Give an example of a product of an oncogene.
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BCR-ABL fusion protein
(constitutively active tyrosine kinase-- CML, AML, ALL) |
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List 2 oncofetal proteins.
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1. alpha-fetoprotein
2. CEA |
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Which cancers are a-FP associated with?
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1. HCC
2. Testicular cancer 3. Ovarian cancer |
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Which cancers are CEA associated with?
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1. GI tumors
*Detects early relapse of colorectal cancer 2. *Breast cancer 3. Small cell lung cancer 4. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary 5. Adenocarcinoma of cervix |
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What is the normal serum and tissue fluid value of CEA?
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<3 ng/mL
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Which protein may be elevated in smokers and COPD?
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CEA
(Carcinoembryonic antigen) |
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What should the normal level of a-FP be in an adult?
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<20 ng
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What factors are released by myeloid derived suppressor cells (MSC)?
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1. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide--> induce T and NK cell apoptosis
2. IL-10 and TGF-B 3. Arginase --> depletes L-arginine, results in downregulation of TCR and T cell unresponsiveness |
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If MHC Class I molecules are absent from cell surfaces, which immune cells will destroy them?
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NK cells
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What is the major cytokine released by NK cells and which cells does it activate?
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IFN-y --> macrophages, Th1 cells
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What type of vaccine therapy may be useful for prostate cancer?
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APC 8015 (Provenge) Vaccine therapy with pulsed dendritic cells
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List 3 therapeutic monoclonal Ab that are directed against CD20.
What type of cancer are these used for? |
1. Rituximab
2. Tositumomab 3. Ibritumomab tiuxetan *Non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
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Which therapeutic Ab targets Her2?
Which cancer is this used to treat? |
Trastuzumab (herceptin)
*Breast cancer |
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Which therapeutic Ab targets CD33?
Which cancer is this used to treat? |
Gemtuzumab
*AML |
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Which therapeutic Ab targets CD52?
Which cancer is this used to treat? |
Alemtuzumab (Campath)
*CLL |
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Which therapeutic Ab targets EGF-R?
Which cancers does this Ab treat? |
Cetuximab
*Colorectal cancer *Head and neck cancers |
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Which therapeutic Ab targets VEGF?
Which cancer is this used to treat? |
Bevacizumab
*Colorectal cancer |
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Give an example of a mutated gene/tumor suppressor gene.
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p53
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Give 2 examples of genes that can be over-expressed by tumors.
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1. Telomerase
2. Tyrosinase |
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Give 2 examples of transforming viruses.
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1. HPV
2. Hepatitis |
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List 5 types of tumor antigens.
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1. Oncogenes (BCR-ABL)
2. Mutated gene/tumor suppressor gene (p52) 3. Overexpressed genes (telomerase, tyrosinase) 4. Oncofetal genes (a-FP, CEA) 5. Transforming viruses (HPV, hepatitis) |
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List 4 ways tumors evade the immune system.
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1. Decrease/loss of MHC expression
2. Lack of co-stimulation 3. |
