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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens to the Fatty Acids after they enter the blood?
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1.) Cystol ---> matrix (carnitine shuttle)
2.) Beta oxidation is 4 steps (acetyl coA to krebs |
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What is sequence that glycerol does to be oxidized?
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- It goes to the liver
- In 2 steps it is convered to DHAP - Used in glycolysis. |
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What does pancreatic lipase do? Where is it found?
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-It starts to break down Fatty acids.
-Small intestines |
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After the FA passes through the intestinal lining what happens?
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It is actually reformed into the triglyceride and packaged, and stuffed into a chylomircon for transformation
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What are fat cells called?
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apidpocytes
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When fat in the adipocytes is being mobilized (converted to energy) what happens first to the trigylceride?
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Enzymes that are Acylglycerol lipases break off the glycerol by hydrolysis. (there are pancreatic lipases) (pg 840)
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What are the two steps that are done to make glycerol enter glycolysis? What is this molecule called?
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- Exchange an end -OH for a phosphate
- Oxidize the middle -OH to a ketone - Enter glycolysis at step 5 (Called DHAP) |
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What converts glycerol to Glycerol 3-P?
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Enzyme called Glycerol Kinase. An ATP must convert to ADP.
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What converts Glycerol 3-P to DHAP?
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Enzyme called Glycerol-3-p dehydrogenase. An NAD+ must be converted to NADH
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First thing in oxidizing an fatty acid is an activation step, what is this activator called?
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(Need HSCoA)
(Water spits out) (ATP goes to AMP + 2pi) (This is strange because no phosphates are on the end molecule) |
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What is an activated FA called?
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Fatty acyl Coa
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What is the enzyme used in activating a fatty acid into Fatty Acyl Coa?
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Acyl CoA synthetase
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After a fatty acid is activated to Acyl CoA, what does carnitine do?
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It replaces the spot where HSCoA was attached to the FA. (pg 842, figure 24.3)
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What does Carnitine do in beta oxidation?
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It attaches to activated FA, allows the fatty acyl CoA to pass from the cytosol to the matrix.
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What is specific to carnitine that makes it useful in beta oxidation?
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-It has charges! Being highly charged, allows it to cross the membrane.
-This is also important in being able to shut off Beta oxidation. (It is used to regulate the metabolism) |
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Where is the FA shuttle by carnitine?
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Into the matrix
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In step 1, what kind of bond need to be made inbetween the alpha and beta carbon in beta oxidation?
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A trans double bond
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After a trans double bond is made, what is the next step in beta oxidation?
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Add a water, the OH goes to the beta, the H goes to the Apha.
(makes beta hydoxy acyl CoA) (This step is called the hydration step of beta oxidation) |
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After water is added in beta oxidation, what is the next step in beta oxidation?
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The -OH on on the beta is oxidized, making the molecule called Beta-keto-acyl coA.
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After the beta carbon OH is oxidized to a ketone, what happens in beta oxidation?
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HSCoA comes in and splits the carbon chain in between the alpha and the beta. Creates an acetyl CoA.
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What is the molecule used to cleave the FA in beta oxidation in the final step?
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HSCoA (enzyme is thiolase) (pg 843)
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How much shorter is the FA after Beta Oxidation?
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It is two carbon units shorter.
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In ketogenisis, when two molecules of acetyl CoA combine, what do they form?
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acetoacetyl CoA
(which is the reverse of the last reaction in Beta oxidation) (pg 849) |
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How is the 4 carbon acetoacetate from from acetoacetyl CoA?
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Through the hydrolysis of acetoacetyl CoA. (pg 849)
(Acetoacetate is a ketone body, which reacts futher to produce 2 other ketone bodies) |
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From the 4 carbon acetoacetate, what are the possible route(s) it can yield?
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- It can be reduced by NADH to yield Beta-hydroxybutyrate (the ketone is reduce to -OH)
- It can decarboylate on the carbonate carbon, releasing CO2 and creating acetone (pg 849) |
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How is the 4 carbon acetoacetate formed from acetyl CoA?
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Two Acetyle CoA's combine to from Acetoacetyl CoA. Then through hydrolysis, the HS-CoA is removed and the 4 carbon Acetoacetate is formed.
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