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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Membrane
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-otherwise known as the plasma membrane
-a semi-permeable structure consisting of a phospholipid bilayer and proteins |
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Name 3 methods in which ions are transported through the cell membrane into the cell
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Active Transport
Passive Transport Simple Diffusion |
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Active Transport
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The transport of molecules with the active assistance of a carrier that can transport the material against a natural concentration gradient.
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Passive Transport
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The movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration via a carrier. This process does not require energy.
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Simple Diffusion
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The movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration in a free state
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Osmosis
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Diffusion of a solvent (usually water molecules) through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
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Hypotonic vs Hypertonic?
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Hypotonic refers to a solution with a comparatively lower concentration of solutes compared to another and Hypertonic pertains to a solution with higher solute concentration compared with another.
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Isotonic
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having the same (or equal) osmotic pressure and same water potential since the two solutions have an equal concentration of water molecules
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ATP
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-Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
-consists of an adenosine molecule and three inorganic phosphates |
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ATP - ADP
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-ne of the phosphate molecules is broken off, therefore reducing the ATP from 3 phosphates to 2
-When the bond connecting the phosphate is broken, energy is released -ADP + Pi |
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Glucose
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-a sugar that is delivered delivered via the bloodstream
-product of the food you eat -the molecule that is used to create ATP |
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Respiration
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-The process where glucose is broken down in a series of enzyme controlled steps that allow the release of energy to be used by the organism
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What are the three steps of respiration that takes place in animals when oxygen is present?
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-Glycolysis
-The Kreb's Cycle -The Cytochrome System |
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Glycolysis
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-occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell where a 6 carbon glucose molecule is broken down by enzymes into a 3 carbon pyruvic acid.
-this process requires 2 ATP, and produces a net gain of 2 ATP -enzymes involved remove hydrogen from the glucose and take the hydrogen atoms to the cytochrome system |
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The Kreb's cycle
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-The pyruvic acid is then subject to more enzymes which break it down into a 2 carbon compound
-CO2 is released -Enzymes oxidize the carbon compounds and transport the hydrogen atoms to the cytochrome system |
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The Cytochrome System
(general/about) |
-aka the hydrogen carrier system or the electron transport system
-found in the many cristae of mitochondria -where the reduced hydrogen carriers transport hydrogen atoms from the glycolysis and Kreb's cycle stages |
