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29 Cards in this Set
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Urbanization |
Movement of people from rural areas to cities. |
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Assembly Line |
Production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks. First used in the U.S. auto industry by Henry Ford. |
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Karl Marx |
Philosopher who wrote the "Communist Manifesto" & thought that history was a struggle between classes. |
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Labor Unions |
Worker' organization that won the right to bargain with employers for better wages, hours, and working conditions. |
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Utopian Socialists |
These people wanted a perfect self-sufficient community in which all work and property was shared. |
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James Watt |
Improved the Steam Engine which provided the power for manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution. |
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Louis Pasteur |
French chemist who showed the link between microbes and disease. Other contributions included the development of the process of pasteurization (killing disease-carrying microbes in milk). |
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Impressionism |
Style of painting of the late 1800s and early 1900s that tried to capture a fleeting visual impression. |
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Socialism |
Argues for limited government ownership of businesses, a greater government role in regulating the economy, and greater protection of workers' rights. |
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Tenements |
In the 19th century the poor lived in these multistory buildings divided into crowded apartments by the factories. |
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Coal |
New source of energy during the Industrial Revolution. |
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Florence Nightingale |
British nurse who insisted on better hygiene and training for nurses. |
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Utilitarianism |
This doctrine preached the idea that the goal of society should be the "greatest happiness for the greatest number". |
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Romanticism |
Nineteenth-century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason. These artists landscape paintings sought to capture the beauty and power of nature. |
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Georges Haussaman |
Believed in urban renewal, or the rebuilding of the poor areas of a city. He tore down many tenements and in their place built beautiful public buildings. |
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Jethro Tull |
Invented a new mechanical device, the seed drill, to aid farmers. |
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Thomas Edison |
American inventor who made the first electric light bulb. |
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Robert Fulton |
Applied steam power to improve shipping by creating the steamboat that traveled at a record-breaking speed of more than 5 mph. |
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capital |
Money or wealth; used during the industrial revolution to invest in enterprises such as shipping, mines, railroads, & factories. |
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Negative Effects of Industrial Revolution |
Increased pollution, poor sanitation in cities, child labor, long hours, & unsafe working conditions. |
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David Ricardo |
Iron Law of Wages - when wages were high, families had more kids, more kids means more workers, more workers means lower wages. So high wages ultimately leads to low wages. |
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Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? |
They had an abundance of coal, a large population, a stable government, & capital (money). |
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When advances in farming like Jethro Tull's seed drill increased food supply. This led to the Industrial Revolution because more food meant more people, & therefore more workers for the factories. |
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Joseph Lister |
Discovered how antiseptics prevented infection. |
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Robert Koch |
Identified the bacteria that causes tuberculosis |
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Communism |
Extreme form of socialism, created by Karl Marx who said history is a cycle and that the proletariat (working class) would rise up in revolution. |
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Thomas Malthus |
His theory said that the food supply would be outpaced by population growth. |
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Positive Effects of Industrial Revolution |
New ideas & inventions improved communication, medicine, transportation, and lead to lower prices on many goods as well. |
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Realism |
Artistic movement whose aim was to represent the world as it is. |
