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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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It states that both verbal association and visual images are used to process and store information. |
Dual Coding theory |
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Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development |
Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operational Formal Operational |
SePreoCoForm |
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T or F. Assimilation and accommodation are the two different processes in adapting information. |
F. They are complementary processes. |
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It is the process by which existing schemata are modified to encompass this new information. |
Accomodation |
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It is the process of classifying new information into existing schemata. |
Assimilation |
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Throwing toys from a high chair is |
Secondary circular reactions |
It will likely have a response from the parent |
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In this stage, a child learns to manipulate his or her environment in order to met physical needs. |
Sensorimotor stage |
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Staring at birth and lasting upto two years of age. |
Sensorimotor stage |
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An example of primary curcualr reactions |
An infant sucking his or her thumb |
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Lasts from about two to seven years of age |
Preoperational stage |
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The understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of view. |
Object permanence |
Key milestone that ends the first stage of cognitive development |
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Chracterized by a symbolic thinking, egocentrism and centration. |
Preoperational stage |
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It refers to the ability to pretend, play make-believe and have an imagination. |
Symbolic thinking |
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Refers to the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a phenomenon or inability to understand the concept of conservation |
Centration |
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It refers to the inability to imagine what another person may think or feel. |
Egocentrism |
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In this stage, children can understand conservation and consider the perspectives of others. |
Concrete operational stage |
Lasts from about 7-11 years of age. |
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It is marked by the ability to think logically about abstract ideas. |
Formal operational stage |
11 years of age is the starting period |
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It is marked by the ability to reason about abstract concepts and problem solve. |
Formal operational stage |
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Lev Vygotsky said that the driver of cognitive development is the child’s internalization of? |
Culture |
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Difference between fluid and crystallized intelligence. |
Fluid is problem solving skills while crystallized are learned skills and knowledge |
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Its peak is in middle adulthood. |
Crystallized intelligence |
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When does the fluid intelligence will be mostly be peaked at? |
Early adulthood |
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It is the rapid fluctuation in cognitive function that is reversible and caused by medical causes. |
Delirium |
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The three steps in the information processing model are: |
Encoding, storage and retrieval |
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It is the inability to consider how to use an object in a nontraditional manner. |
Functional fixedness |
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It is a less sophisticated type of problem solving in which various solutions are tried until one is found that seems to work. |
Trial and error |
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This is only effective when there are few possible solutions. |
Trial and error |
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It can be mathematical or a set of instructions, designed to automatically produce the desired solution. |
Algorithm |
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It starts from a set of general rules and draws conclusion from the information given. |
Deductive reasoning |
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True or False. Inductive reasoning is top-down processing. |
False. Bottom-up reasoning |
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Rules of thumb |
Heuristic |
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It is the process of answering a question wherein you fit answers that are available to the mind and that are likely to be more frequent. |
Availability heuristic |
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It involves categorizing items on the basis of whether they fit the prototypical, stereotypical or representative image of the category. |
Representativeness heuristic |
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You flipped a coin. Lands on heads every time. You said the next time it will be tails. But this isnt true, it is still 50 percent chance. |
Representativeness heuristic |
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Using prototypical or stereotypical factors instead of actual numerical information is called __________. |
Base rate fallacy |
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What is the diaconfirmation principle? |
A solution is disregarded when it fails during testing |
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A tendency to focus on information that fits that fits an individual’s beliefs, while rejecting information that gors against them. |
Confirmation bias |
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A tendency to erroneously interpret one’s decisions, knowledge, and beliefs as infallible. |
Overconfidence |
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Refers to the inability to reject a particular belief despite clear evidence to the contrary |
Belief perseverance |
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The ability to act on perceptions that may not be supported by available evidence.subject |
Intuition |
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Subjective experience of a person in a certain situation. |
Emotion |
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A patient in a mental health facility believes that the sky is pink. Despite several trips outside, the patient still declares the sky is pink. Which psychological principle does this represent?a |
Belief perseverance |
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A child plays with a tool set, noting that a nail can only be hit with a hammer. When a friend suggests that the handle of a screwdriver can be used to hit a nail, the child passionately objects. This is an example of? |
Functional fixedness |
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A patient in a mental health facility believes that the sky is pink. Despite several trips outside, the patient still declares the sky is pink. Which psychological principle does this represent?a |
Belief perseverance |
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A child plays with a tool set, noting that a nail can only be hit with a hammer. When a friend suggests that the handle of a screwdriver can be used to hit a nail, the child passionately objects. This is an example of? |
Functional fixedness |
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A doctor uses a flow chart to treat a patientwith sepsis. Given its use in problem solving, a flowchart is an example of a: |
Algorithm |
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It is one’s level of awareness of both the world and one’s own existence within that world. |
Consciousness |
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It is a state of consciousness in which we are awake and able to think. |
Alertness |
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It is a state of consciousness in which we are awake and able to think. |
Alertness |
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When does the cortisol levels reach the highest peak? |
Waking state |
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It is a state of consciousness in which we are awake and able to think. |
Alertness |
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When does the cortisol levels reach the highest peak? |
Waking state |
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A neural structure in the brainstem, to keep the prefrontal cortex awake and alert. |
Reticular formation |
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Coma is a disruption between the connections of? |
Reticular formation in the brainstem and prefrontal cortex of the frontal lobe |
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Long term deprivation of sleep is linked to the development of |
Obesity and diabetes |
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Occurs when we are awake but eyes are closed and body is relaxing. |
Alpha waves |
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Have a high frequency and occur when the person is alert or attending to a mental task that requires concentration. |
Beta waves |
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EEG activity is characterized by irregular waveforms with slower frequencies and higher voltages. |
Theta waves |
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Occurs when we are awake but eyes are closed and body is relaxing. |
Alpha waves |
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Have a high frequency and occur when the person is alert or attending to a mental task that requires concentration. |
Beta waves |
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EEG activity is characterized by irregular waveforms with slower frequencies and higher voltages. |
Theta waves |
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What are seen when it is on stage 2 of sleep? |
Sleep spindle and K complex |
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Sleeping Stage 3 and 4 are called? |
Slow-wave sleep |
Delta wave |
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Sleeping Stage 3 and 4 are called? |
Slow-wave sleep |
Delta wave |
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BAT-D |
Beta, alpha, theta and delta waves |
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Which is more on procedural memory consolidation and which is on declarative memory consolidation? |
REM and then SWS |
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Give the pathway to wakefulness. |
Hypothalamus releases COrticotropin releasing factor ->anterior pituitary releases adrenocorticotropic hormone-> adrenal cortex releases cortisol |
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Difference of hynagogic hallucinations and hynopompic hallucinations. |
Hynago is hallucinations before going to bed... hynopomp is is when one is popping out of bed. |
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Dreams are caused by wide-spread, random activation or neural circuitry.drea |
Activation-synthesis theory |
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Dreams are way to solve problems while you are sleeping. |
Problem solving dream theory |
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Dreams are merely the sleeping counterpart of stream of consciousness. |
Cognitive process dream theory |
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Insomnia, narcolepsy and sleep apnea is called? |
Dyssomnias |
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T or F. Sleep walking is an example of Parasomnias. |
T |
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A sensation of being unable to move deapite being awake. |
Sleep paralysis |
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A loss of muscle control and sudden intrusion of REM sleep during waking hours, usually caused by an emotional trigger. |
Cataplexy |
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Is a condition characterized by lack of voluntary control over the onset. |
Narcolepsy |
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Difference of obstructive and central sleep apnea. |
Physical blockage of pharynx or trachea which prevents air flow -obstructive Brain fails to send signals to diaphragm to breathe -central |
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Give the pathway to wakefulness. |
Hypothalamus releases COrticotropin releasing factor ->anterior pituitary releases adrenocorticotropic hormone-> adrenal cortex releases cortisol |
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Difference of hynagogic hallucinations and hynopompic hallucinations. |
Hynago is hallucinations before going to bed... hynopomp is is when one is popping out of bed. |
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Periods of intense anxiety that occur during slow-wavr sleep a state |
Night terrors |
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A state in which a person appears to be in controlof his or her notmal functions, but it is highly suggestible state. |
Hypnosis |
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Dreams are caused by wide-spread, random activation or neural circuitry.drea |
Activation-synthesis theory |
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Dreams are way to solve problems while you are sleeping. |
Problem solving dream theory |
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Dreams are merely the sleeping counterpart of stream of consciousness. |
Cognitive process dream theory |
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Insomnia, narcolepsy and sleep apnea is called? |
Dyssomnias |
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T or F. Sleep walking is an example of Parasomnias. |
T |
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A sensation of being unable to move deapite being awake. |
Sleep paralysis |
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A loss of muscle control and sudden intrusion of REM sleep during waking hours, usually caused by an emotional trigger. |
Cataplexy |
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Is a condition characterized by lack of voluntary control over the onset. |
Narcolepsy |
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Difference of obstructive and central sleep apnea. |
Physical blockage of pharynx or trachea which prevents air flow -obstructive Brain fails to send signals to diaphragm to breathe -central |
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Give the pathway to wakefulness. |
Hypothalamus releases COrticotropin releasing factor ->anterior pituitary releases adrenocorticotropic hormone-> adrenal cortex releases cortisol |
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Difference of hynagogic hallucinations and hynopompic hallucinations. |
Hynago is hallucinations before going to bed... hynopomp is is when one is popping out of bed. |
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Periods of intense anxiety that occur during slow-wavr sleep a state |
Night terrors |
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A state in which a person appears to be in controlof his or her notmal functions, but it is highly suggestible state. |
Hypnosis |
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These are abnormal behaviors or movements during sleep. |
Parasomnias |
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Dreams are caused by wide-spread, random activation or neural circuitry.drea |
Activation-synthesis theory |
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Dreams are way to solve problems while you are sleeping. |
Problem solving dream theory |
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Dreams are merely the sleeping counterpart of stream of consciousness. |
Cognitive process dream theory |
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Insomnia, narcolepsy and sleep apnea is called? |
Dyssomnias |
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T or F. Sleep walking is an example of Parasomnias. |
T |
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A sensation of being unable to move deapite being awake. |
Sleep paralysis |
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A loss of muscle control and sudden intrusion of REM sleep during waking hours, usually caused by an emotional trigger. |
Cataplexy |
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Is a condition characterized by lack of voluntary control over the onset. |
Narcolepsy |
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Difference of obstructive and central sleep apnea. |
Physical blockage of pharynx or trachea which prevents air flow -obstructive Brain fails to send signals to diaphragm to breathe -central |
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Give the pathway to wakefulness. |
Hypothalamus releases COrticotropin releasing factor ->anterior pituitary releases adrenocorticotropic hormone-> adrenal cortex releases cortisol |
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Difference of hynagogic hallucinations and hynopompic hallucinations. |
Hynago is hallucinations before going to bed... hynopomp is is when one is popping out of bed. |
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Periods of intense anxiety that occur during slow-wavr sleep a state |
Night terrors |
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A state in which a person appears to be in controlof his or her notmal functions, but it is highly suggestible state. |
Hypnosis |
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These are abnormal behaviors or movements during sleep. |
Parasomnias |
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Two hormones associated with circadian rhythms are? |
Cortisol and melatonin |
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Dreams are caused by wide-spread, random activation or neural circuitry.drea |
Activation-synthesis theory |
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Dreams are way to solve problems while you are sleeping. |
Problem solving dream theory |
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Dreams are merely the sleeping counterpart of stream of consciousness. |
Cognitive process dream theory |
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Insomnia, narcolepsy and sleep apnea is called? |
Dyssomnias |
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T or F. Sleep walking is an example of Parasomnias. |
T |
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A sensation of being unable to move deapite being awake. |
Sleep paralysis |
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A loss of muscle control and sudden intrusion of REM sleep during waking hours, usually caused by an emotional trigger. |
Cataplexy |
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Is a condition characterized by lack of voluntary control over the onset. |
Narcolepsy |
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Difference of obstructive and central sleep apnea. |
Physical blockage of pharynx or trachea which prevents air flow -obstructive Brain fails to send signals to diaphragm to breathe -central |
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This causes generalized inhibition of the brain, resulting in diminished arousal at moderate doses. |
Alcohols |
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This causes generalized inhibition of the brain, resulting in diminished arousal at moderate doses. |
Alcohols |
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Creates a short sighted view of the world |
Alcohol myopia |
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It is a thiamin deficiency disorder and characterized by severe memory impairment with changes in mental status and loss of motor skills. |
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome |
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Thes were historically used as anxiety-reducing and sleep medications and were replaced by benzo diazepines. |
Barbiturates |
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Example of barbiturates |
Amobarbital anf phenobarbital |
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Examples of benzodiazepines |
Alprazolam, lorazepam, diazepam and clonazepam |
CALD |
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Increased in arousal by releasing dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin |
Amphetamines |
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